The Advantages of Steel in Building Construction Assignment

The Advantages of Steel in Building Construction - Assignment Example Another aspect that can no longer be neglected is the environment, both inside as well as outside the building is to be considered and given the high level of consideration in design and construction of the building. Latest advances in technology and high appraisal in energy has influenced the mindset of the client to select and use energy efficient products and design, even if they cost a bit more in the start but they eventually pay back their expenses. It is no longer a choice but a compulsion for designers and constructors to save energy as well as environment and at the same time it’s the client’s and his real estates adviser’s social responsibility to dictate these terms in the facility’s construction and have knowledge as well as encourage these technologies as much as possible. There are mainly two types of spaces that are to be constructed as the part of the establishment. The first part is the 12 storey Headquarter block whose height would be around 40m, this would be just a typical office building and the spaces would be designed in a similar manner. The second requirement of the client in the facility is of a showroom/ retail facility which is going to be constructed just in front of the main office block, this separate facility would be used for the display of different products and so the space requirement of this would be entirely different from that of the office block. The basic requirements of this space are that it should be a single storey and 35 m wide span, these attributes make this part of establishment unique and this structure has to be designed accordingly. The third and the most governing requirement of the client in the construction is that the time for construction should be as short as possible and the facility should be brought into service in minimum time period and the last requirement which would dictate the construction and its techniques as a whole is that the facility should eco friendly at all its levels both during the construction phase and during the service life as well.  

Effect of Smoking on Division of Attention

Effect of Smoking on Division of Attention ABSTRACT The basic objective of this study is to see whether smoking significantly affects the division of attention of an individual. Smoking can be defined as the process in which any substance, usually tobacco is rolled and burnt and the smoke that is released is inhaled. There is evidence that smoking is harmful to the brain at the functional and morphological level (Swan Lessov-Schlaggar, 2007). Division of attention can be defined as the person’s ability to attend to two or more tasks at a single time. Snowball Sampling was used to select 60 participants, 30 Smokers (N=30) and 30 Non-Smokers (N=30). A screener developed by Fagerstrom called the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (1978) was used to screen the participants after which the Division of Attention Experiment by Shailaja Bhagwat was administered. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in the division of attention between smokers and non-smokers (t=0.27, t=0.38, t=0.009, t=0.22). They both had n early the same divisions of attention between physical and mental tasks. INTRODUCTION Smoking: There are approximately about 2 billion smokers all over the world. (WHO, 2013) Smoking can be defined as the process in which any substance, usually tobacco is rolled and burnt, and the smoke that is released is inhaled. This practice was started as a recreational one in which an active substance like for example nicotine is made available to the blood stream through the lungs (Gatley Wilbert). The most common method of this practice of smoking is through cigarettes. There are other methods of this practice too like the use of bidis, bongs, cigars, hookah, pipes and vaporizers to name a few. A 2007 report states that, each year, about 4.9 million people worldwide die as a result of smoking. (West, Robert Shiffman, 2007.) Among the many substances used for smoking, tobacco is by far the most widely used substance which is addictive because of the nicotine content. The history of smoking can date back to as early as 5000 BC when it was used for religious ceremonies. The use of tobacco products is increasing globally, though in some higher and middle income countries its use is decreasing. The global prevalence is 48% for adult males and 12% for adult females. There are about 1/3 of the adults worldwide, who smoke, that is an approximate of about 2.0 billion smokers around the world including child smokers. (WHO 2013) A few reasons as to why people start smoking can be: having parents who smoke, siblings who smoke, friends who smoke, the freedom that they have to do what they want, peer pressure, low academic achievements, their daily surrounding, that is, having co-workers or people they are usually surrounded with being chain smokers, economic background or even life in the urban environment to an extent. An individual might just start smoking as a result of a social gathering or a party which becomes an addiction later on. Smoking is most prevalent in the age group of 18-25. It is stated that there are about 1000 smokers at the age of 18 and below who start smoking (WHO 2013). There are various reasons and causes for such a trend. This age group is the most prone to getting addicted to smoking as individuals in this age bracket are most easily swayed in their decisions and get addicted most easily. Once addicted to the use of any substance, tobacco generally, it gets very difficult for individuals to leave this habit. According to statistics by the World Health Organization we have more male smokers (35% developed 50% developing) than female smokers (22% developed 9% developing). These statistics show a rather large number of women smoking, especially in the developed countries we see that a lot of women smoking. Division of Attention: Division of attention (Multi-Tasking) is the process in which an individual’s attention is divided between two tasks. The talent of multitasking is when an individual knows how to juggle the time and attention spent between the two tasks well so as to give equal amount of attention to both so that it doesn’t look like there is any amount of partiality or preference given to a specific task on hand. One is said to be good at multi-tasking when one is able to perform both the tasks at the best of their abilities without being overworked or stressed. Since the 1990s experimental psychologists have tried to understand the nature and limits of human multitasking. In dichotic listening, subjects are apparently unable to attend simultaneously to two concurrent, auditory speech messages. However, in two experiments reported here, it is shown that people can attend to and repeat back continuous speech at the same time as taking in complex, unrelated visual scenes, or even while sight-readingpiano music. In both cases performance with dividedattentionwas very good, and in the case of sight-reading was as good as with undivided attention. There was little or no effect of the dual task on the accuracy of speech shadowing. (Allport, Antonis Reynold, 1971) Attention, it can be described as the process of focusing in ones field of awareness. Our attention can be commanded by a number of factors. Two of the main factors that can do so are: Objective factors such as intensity, size, movement, distinctiveness etc. Subjective factors such as, an individual’s needs, motives, interests, past experiences etc. The intensity of attention given to a specific stimulus is affected by the presence of another stimulus that is competing for one’s attention. This is known as shifting of attention. Shifting of attention is necessary for perception as it prevents negative adaptation. Another phenomenon which is related to attention is known as the distraction of attention. As we already know what is shifting of attention, distraction of attention is when the attention wavers and gets back to the previous stimuli. There are maximum numbers of stimuli that can be responded to in a particular period of attention. This maximum amount of attention that can be referred to in this particular period is called the span of attention. How a person can divide their attention has to do with that person’s intelligence (Sternberg Sternberg, 2012). Researchers Navon and Gopher (1979) theorized a modality model which explains the basics of attention mainly divided between various simple tasks and not between various complex tasks. There are various variables that play a role in our ability to pay attention or to concentrate on the many tasks that are to be performed at once. A few of those variables are anxiety, arousal, the difficulty of the tasks to be performed and the skills that an individual possesses. Relation between Smoking and Division of Attention: When we look back to studies done in the past on these two topics, we have many, but when it comes to a study involving both these topics we have hardly any studies. We have many researches on smoking and its effect on health, cognition, effect of nicotine on the brain activity during the performance of a task, impact of smoking on the performance of an individual, as well as studies on the effect of smoking during pregnancy on the performance of a child after its birth. An accumulation of evidence suggests that smoking may be reinforcing, in part, due to nicotines capacity to enhance the process of attention, but correspondingly, the stimulus-filter model of nicotine reinforcement asserts that nicotine increases cognitive performance by acting as a stimulus-barrier, thereby screening and preventing the irrelevant and annoying stimuli from the smokers awareness. (Kassel, 1997) Some studies that have been performed on smoking and the performance of an individual, either cognitive or social both say that smoking usually has a negative impact or rather they say that smoking reduces the cognitive and physical performance of an individual.It was found that while cigarette smoking had no negative effect upon performance for simple perceptual tasks, smoking was found to exert measurable negative effects upon performance for more complex information processing tasks (Spilich, June Renner, 1992). There is a scientific background for the decrease in the physical performance of an individual who smokes. Smoking reduces the capacity of an individual to do work as the oxygen available to the body is reduced. When we inhale smoke from a cigarette, we introduce the carbon monoxide into the blood. The carbon monoxide combines with the hemoglobin in the blood to form carboxy-hemoglobin which reduces the amount of oxygen that is carried in the blood. The lesser the available oxygen, the lesser the physical endurance, the lesser the endurance, the weaker the individual. Prolonged smoking causes irreversible lung damage. A study recently done in Kings College London tells us that smoking spoils the brain by damaging memory, learning and reasoning as well (Smoking Rots the Brain Lowers Cognitive Performance, November 2012). Smoking just a single cigarette can immediately affect physical capability in exercise when the inhaled carbon monoxide binds to red blood cells, displacing oxygen and preventing its delivery to muscle cells. In fact, a study at UCLA found that young adults experience a four percent decrease in oxygen uptake right after smoking. It has long been known that smokers tend to be less physically active than nonsmokers, and vice versa. For instance, a study in Public Health Reports found smokers are more likely to quit supervised exercise programs. Another study found that male high school students who were less physically active than their peers were twice as likely to smoke. There hasn’t been a specific study on the effect that smoking has on the division of attention. Generally the division of attention is usually different for different individuals. Smokers perform one physical and one mental task at a time. They are hence â€Å"multitasking† or rather dividing their attention in such a way that they are spending enough time performing both the tasks but to what level of their ability? Smokers are better at Division of Attention. The above mentioned hypothesis is one study or rather one topic that has not been widely studied under the vast topic of smoking especially in the Indian contest. There have been various studies on the effect of smoking on performance as well as the capacity of an individual to divide their attention between two tasks. Will the division of attention among non-smokers be greater than the division of attention among smokers? OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is a significant difference in the division of attention between smokers and non-smokers while performing two tasks simultaneously. HYPOTHESIS There is a significant difference between the division of attention of smokers and non-smokers while performing two tasks simultaneously. METHOD Participants: A sample size of 60 students (n=60) within the age group of 18-22 with all of them from a middle class background, studying in college and from the city of Hyderabad were selected on the basis of Random Sampling. They were divided into two groups of 30 each i.e. smoker and non-smokers. These two groups were further divided into 15 girls and 15 boys each. Before giving them the screener itself, the purpose of the study was explained and a signed informed consent was taken from the students. Participation inclusion criteria: Students between the ages of 18-22 Pursuing bachelor’s degree from any college Students who were smokers Participation exclusion criteria: Students above the age of 22 or below 18 Students working part time or full time Instruments: The Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependence Scale (FTND) was used as a screener for the smokers. It is a 6 question scale which shows the levels of dependence on nicotine. Anybody who has moderate to high dependency (score of 5 or above) on this scale is considered a smoker. This scale was developed by Fagerstrom in 1978 titled Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire which was later called the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND: Heatherton et al., 1991). After this the Division of Attention (different variables) by Dr. (Smt.) Shailaja Bhagwat was given to the participants, which involved the performance of 4 tasks. Each task was to be performed only for two minutes, that too each task had 3 sub tasks. The students were explained what each and every task was very carefully and if they had any doubts, those doubts were cleared too. The 4 tasks in brief were: one Physical and one Mental Simple Tasks (separately as well as simultaneously) one Physical Simple Task and one Mental Complex Task (separately as well as simultaneously) one Physical Complex and one Mental Complex Task (separately as well as simultaneously) one Physical and Mental Complex Task (separately as well as simultaneously) ANALYSIS The statistics that were used on the raw data were: Mean Standard Deviation T-Test RESULTS The hypothesis states that there is a significant difference between the division of attention between smokers and non-smokers. The Statistics used were: Mean: The Mathematical Average of a set of numbers. Standard Deviation: Measures how spread out the data is. T-Test: Measures if there is a significant difference between two variables. The results got do not support the hypothesis which states that there is a significant difference in the division of attention between smokers and non-smokers. Table 1 shows the Mean (M) Standard Deviation (SD) and T-Value (t) between smokers and non-smokers. *N.S = Not Significant Table 1 shows that the t-values were not found to be significant. DISCUSSION When we attend two or more tasks at one time, it is mainly because of the division of attention of that person. The first scientist to study in the field of division of attention was Paulhan (1887) who found out that if the nature of both the jobs is simple, the outcome would be the least affected. A few other scientists who got the same results were Binet (1890), Jastraw and Cairnes (1892) and Fitts and Simon (1949). According to the table shown above, the hypothesis mentioned above has been proved right. There is no significant difference between the: Division of attention between smokers and non-smokers in performing two tasks simultaneously. These results could be due to various reasons. The lifestyle of both smokers and non-smokers is the same. Their surroundings, their routines everything is very similar. Although minor differences will be present in the results due to differing mental abilities, everything else is the same. Hence their results or rather the levels of division of attention between ideally should not differ to a great extent. When we look at the tables closely we observe that the performance of two simple tasks (one physical and one mental) the loss of efficiency in the performance of tasks in non-smokers is lesser than that of smokers, whereas in the performance of two difficult tasks (one mental and one physical) the opposite case happens. The loss of efficiency is lesser for smokers when compared to non-smokers. When we look at the results of the tasks of difficult physical- easy mental or difficult mental and easy physical, they depended completely on the mental abilities of that person. There was no pattern that was followed. The hypothesis may not have been proved right as the all the students have not been smoking regularly for long. The effects might be seen more clearly if they had been smoking for longer. The brain functioning might be something that would be impaired only after a while. The impairment is not going to be sudden. There could have also been many intervening variables such as the weather, the students mood the surroundings, the situations and even the noise levels. All these affect the performance of the subject while performing a task. This particular research in this field gives the psychologists a base to build up future researches and ones which can be conducted in more depth. The same study can be conducted on an older population and the results can be matched and seen. Then it can be proven if age plays a major role in this research. As the subjects are older it is but natural that they have smoked for longer in their life which has been proved to reduce brain functioning. This study shows that there is no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers as well as girls and boys when it comes to the division of attention. REFERENCE Anstyl, O’Kearney, Salim, Sanden. Smoking as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Cognitive Decline: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies (2007) West, Robert and Shiffman, Saul (2007).Fast Facts: Smoking Cessation. Health Press Ltd. p.28 Hirsch, GL, et al., â€Å"Immediate effects of smoking on cardiorespiratory response to exercise,† Journal of Applied Physiology 58:1975-81, June 1985 Blair, SN, et al., â€Å"Relationship Between Exercise or Physical Activity and Other Health Behaviors,† Public Health Reports 100(2):172-180, March-April 1985; Faulkner, RA, et al., â€Å"The Relationship of Physical Activity to Smoking Characteristics in Canadian Men and Women,† Canadian Journal of Public Health 78(3):155-60, May-June 1987; Lazarus, NB, et al., â€Å"Smoking and Body Mass in the Natural History of Physical Activity: Prospective Evidence from the Alameda County Study, 1965-1974,† American Journal of Preventive Medicine 5(3):127-35, May-June 1989 Dishman, RK, et al., â€Å"The Determinants of Physical Activity and Exercise,† Public Health Reports 100(2):158-71, March-April 1985 Winnail, SD, et al., â€Å"Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Cigarette, Smokeless Tobacco, and Marijuana Use Among Public High School Adolescents,† Journal of School Health 65(10):438-442, December 1995 http://www.holah.karoo.net/sampling.htm The Effects of Tobacco Smoke and Nicotine on Cognition and the Brain, Gary E. Swan, Christina N. Lessov-Schlaggar On thedivisionofattention: A disproof of the single channel hypothesis, D. Alan Allporta,Barbara AntonisaPatricia Reynolds Smoking and attention: A review and reformulation of the stimulus-filter hypothesis, Jon D. Kassel Cigarette smoking and cognitive performance, George J. Spilich, Lorraine June, Judith Renner. Smoking Rots the Brain Lowers Cognitive Performance November 29, 2012 http://scitechdaily.com/smoking-rots-the-brain-lowers-cognitive-performance/ 1

Human Values and Ethics - What Science Cannot Discover, Mankind Cannot Know :: Philosophy Essays

Human Valuse and Ethics - What Science Cannot Discover, Mankind Cannot Know Those who maintain the insufficiency of science, as we have seen in the last two chapters, appeal to the fact that science has nothing to say about "values." This I admit; but when it is inferred that ethics contains truths which cannot be proved or disproved by science, I disagree. The matter is one on which it is not altogether easy to think clearly, and my own views on it are quite different from what they were thirty years ago. But it is necessary to be clear about it if we are to appraise such arguments as those in support of Cosmic Purpose. As there is no consensus of opinion about ethics, it must be understood that what follows is my personal belief, not the dictum of science. The study of ethics, traditionally, consists of two parts, one concerned with moral rules, the other with what is good on its own account. Rules of conduct, many of which have a ritual origin, play a great part in the lives of savages and primitive peoples. It is forbidden to eat out of the chief's dish, or to seethe the kid in its mother's milk; it is commanded to offer sacrifices to the gods, which, at a certain stage of development, are thought most acceptable if they are human beings. Other moral rules, such as the prohibition of murder and theft, have a more obvious social utility, and survive the decay of the primitive theological systems with which they were originally associated. But as men grow more reflective there is a tendency to lay less stress on rules and more on states of mind. This comes from two sources - philosophy and mystical religion. We are all familiar with passages in the prophets and the gospels, in which purity of heart is set above meticulous observance of the Law; and St. Paul's famous praise of charity, or love, teaches the same principle. The same thing will be found in all great mystics, Christian and non-Christian: what they values is a state of mind, out of which, as they hold, right conduct must ensue; rules seem to them external, and insufficiently adaptable to circumstances. One of the ways in which the need of appealing to external rules of conduct has been avoided has been the belief in "conscience," which has been especially important in Protestant ethics.

Macbeth †Study Guide †Act I Essay

1.Why is Scotland at war at the opening of the play? Scotland is at war at the opening of the play because Mackdonwald, a rebel, was trying to overthrow Duncan and make a deal with the King of Norway. 2.What three predictions do the witches make in Scene 3? -Macbeth will be Thane of Glamis -He will be Thane of Cawdor -He will be King of Scotland. 3.Who is named heir to the Scottish throne? Malcom is named heir to the Scottish throne since he is King Duncan’s oldest son. 4.What is the â€Å"double trust† that makes Macbeth hesitate to kill Duncan? In Macbeth’s first soliloquy, he expresses his doubts about murdering the king. Among the reasons he should not kill the king are his â€Å"double bond† as kinsman (countryman) and subject, which should make him oppose the deed he is contemplating. 5.How do the murderers plan to implicate Duncan’s grooms? They will smear the blood of Duncan on the sleeping chamberlains to cast the guilt upon them. 6.What atmosphere and tone are created in the short opening scene? Macbeth opens with a scene which creates an atmosphere of foreboding and introduces the evil powers which are about to tempt Macbeth to his ruin. The tone of this scene is evil and intimidating. 7.When we are first introduced to Macbeth by the nobleman to Duncan, what is the reader’s initial impression? The reader’s initial impression when we are first introduced to Macbeth by the nobleman to Duncan, is a good one regarding Macbeth. Duncan and the nobleman make us picture Macbeth as a brave, victorious general who knew what to do and who saved Scotland from losing the battle. Macbeth seems loyal to his King, Duncan! 8.In what ways is Banquo â€Å"lesser than Macbeth, and greater†? Banquo is lesser than Macbeth meaning potentially since Macbeth is the King and has more power, but he (Banquo) is greater than Macbeth, not as happy as him, yet happier! 9.What impression do you form of Lady Macbeth Act I? Lady Macbeth has a passion of ambition. Her disposition is high, proud, and commanding. We observe in her no love of country, and no interest in the welfare of anyone outside her family. Her habitual thoughts and aims are, and, we imagine, long have been, all of station and power. She supports and loves Macbeth but does not overshadow her husband. 10.How is Macbeth feeling in his soliloquy in the beginning of Scene 7? What is his state of mind? Macbeth’s soliloquy shows that he shrinks from the murder of Duncan; his wife, however, forces him into action with her taunt that he is a coward. His fear foreshadows the way that his deeds will eventually come back to haunt him. 11.Shakespeare ends Act One with Macbeth and Lady Macbeth plotting the murder of Duncan. a.How exactly do they plan to kill him? While Duncan sleeps, she will give his chamberlains wine to make them drunk, and then she and Macbeth can slip in and murder Duncan. b.What is the dramatic effect of concluding the act by letting us see the murder plot as it crystallizes? Will he or won’t he? Audience is kept in a state of dramatic tension and suspense†¦

Jet Blue

1. Is Jet Blue appropriately positioned to create and maintain a strategic competitive advantage? Yes they are. Jet blues customer service is tremendous. They had the one valentine day massacre but they bounced right back. As a company they know where they have to be in order to succeed in the future. They know about great customer service and low price. Gas prices are rising and with the expansion of the e190, I believe this flight will help their revenue increase in the future. 2. What future strategic direction would you recommend for JetBlue?Should they continue to support both the e190 and a320 or does one model look more promising than the other? I would recommend the path they are on now. Their customer service is excellent and have different types of airlines. Both airlines attract different customers our ability to adapt to new technologies and the soar of gas prices is one of the reasons they are one of the beasts in this airline industry. Numbers do not lie and they were p rofitable for 4 years in a row and I do not see them looking back. In order to keep a JetBlue a main force in the airline industry they are going to have to keep both around.There are customers who are used to the a320 and enjoy a more spacious seating compared to the e190. They should cut down on the long distance flights with gas prices high and will raise the price on some long distance flights. I do see the e190 as the main airline in seven to ten years. Their customers want to get from one location to another the fastest way and the e190 is the airline for that. 3. In light of the Feb. 2007 crisis how did JetBlue try to repair the damage to its reputation? Was the company successful? In Feb. 2007 the crisis that happened was due to lack of communication.They were not ready for this and took a hit in the media. They needed to bounce back hard and they did. They came out with jet blues bill of rights which was information-sharing, cancellations, departure delays, overbooking†™s, and onboard ground delays for arrivals and departures. This sent a message to their customers letting them know that yes they made a mistake and they are aware of it. It took them three months but after that the cleared everything up. Overall hiring the new Ceo and taking care of the crisis was a job well done.

The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay Example

The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay Example The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay The Rich Heritage And Culture Of Penang Tourism Essay Essay Penang frequently referred to as Pearl of the Orient is one of Malaysia s most visited tourer finishs. The rich heritage and civilization of Penang is really much reflected within its beautiful edifices and landmarks. Backpacker travel has become a favourite travel form for those who are capable of going independently. However, small has done so far in the backpacking land. The motive factors for travel will so be explored in two specific attacks. First, motive is examined more closely with mention to the demands and wants to go ( the push factors ) and 2nd, in footings of the appealing properties of Penang ( the pull factors ) . Goossens ( 2000 ) stated that push motivations have been utile for explicating the desire to travel on a holiday, while pull motivations have usefully explained the pick of finish. The formations of backpacker motive leads to a better apprehension of how push and pull factors influence Penang growing as an international touristry finish. Problem statement Harmonizing to Sorensen ( 2003 ) , South East Asia is the most popular part for international backpacker and that backpackers are ( future ) pillars of society. Even so, few figures document the growing of backpacker touristry, although it is estimated that backpackers account for 8 % of international tourers to Australia classs of conventional touristry statistics ( Loker-Murphy and Pearce 1995 in Sorensen, 2003 ) . However, in stead of quantitative verification, backpacker development can be seen turning with a figure of backpacker guidebooks such as Alone Planet and service substructure such as budget adjustment. Despite the fact that backpackers market in Penang can be developed into going an international backpacker touristry finish, small is known about the factors that influence tourer s trials, more specifically, backpackers determination to see Penang. Almost wherever it is feasible, authorities are actively prosecuting touristry growing in their states ( Scheyvens, 2002 ) . Governments are peculiarly interested in international touristry, believing that international touristry brings their states legion economic benefits including employment chances, concern development and foreign exchange net incomes. In footings of developing new markets in Malaysia, the focal point has been on international mass tourers. Musa and Lee ( 2008 ) suggested that touristry governments in Malaysia should happen ways to section its market and place new niche market sections so that the demands of tourers can be better satisfied. Herein, a section that has been mostly discouraged by touristry contrivers, no n merely in Malaysia, but besides in a figure of South-east Asiatic states is the backpacker section. This is supported by Ateljevic and Boorne ( 2004 ) , saying that authoritiess were frequently negative or impersonal every bit far as encouraging backpacker touristry was concerned. It has besides been hard to pull out backpackers from arrival statistics in order to gauge accurately the size and importance of this market. This probe seeks to foreground the demand for national and international research on backpackers by supplying some historical apprehension of this signifier of budget touristry and some nucleus informations on what motivates a backpacker to go. Furthermore, an scrutiny of the current literature on backpacker emphasiss that surveies tend to concentrate on the economic significance and impacts of backpacker touristry. Small systematic empirical research has been conducted to lend to an apprehension of the features, motives and behaviors of backpackers. Harmonizing to Richards and Wilson ( 2004 ) comparatively small empirical research was done on the immature independent traveller or the backpacker market. Besides, surveies have tended to associate to finishs such as Australia and South Africa. To aim Penang as an international backpacker touristry finish, it is hence critical to understand the motive of backpackers, specifically on what are the factors that pushed them to go and at the same time, what factors pushed them that create their purposes in taking Penang as their favourable backpacking finish. The fundamental of their motives which draw their perceptual experience of Penang as their finish lead to their travel determination devising. And this in return contributes to the state s development. Traditionally, push motivations have been usefully explained the desire to travel on a holiday, while pull motivations have usefully explained the pick of finish ( Cook, Yale A ; Marqua, 2006:43 ) . Analyzing the push and pull factors promises a better apprehension for touristry participants to advance and market Penang as an international backpacking touristry finish. The push and pull factors provide a utile attack for analyzing the motivational factors underlying tourer a nd trial behavior ( Kim, Lee A ; Kleosky, 2003 ) and therefore, resulted in their travel finish pick. Research aims To find the push factor that motivated a backpacker to go. To find the pull factors that Penang has that motivated backpacker to go. To place the relationship between finish pick and determination devising. Research inquiries What are the push factors that influenced backpackers determination to take a finish as their travel pick? What are the pull factors of Penang that influenced backpackers determination in taking Penang as their finish? What are the relationship between finish pick and determination devising? 1.3 Variables and suggested relationship among variables Independent Variable Determinants of travel ( Push factor ) Destination property ( Pull factor ) Destination-choice Dependent Variables Decision-making Made by backpackers whether to take Penang as their backpacking finish Figure 1: Variables used in this survey Definitions of footings Backpacking touristry Defined as an drawn-out, multi-destination travel, enduring several months or old ages, and is typically undertaken by Western young persons ( Noy, 2004 ) . Backpacker Tourism Research Australia defines a backpacker as a visitant who stayed at least one dark in backpacker/hostel adjustment during travel in Australia . Backpacker is characterized by budget-conciousness and a flexible touristry manner, with most participants going entirely or in little groups ( Scheyvens, 2003 ) . Motivation Can be described as the drive force within persons that impels them to action. This driving force is produced as a consequence of an unrealized demand ( Schiffman A ; Kanuk, 2000 ) . Push factors These factors describe how persons are pushed by motives variables. In other words, push motives are related to the tourer s desire, internal or emotional facets ( Yoon A ; Uysal, 2005 ) . Pull factors Pull factors refer to those forces that influence a individual s determination about of which specific finish is selected. Pull factors may be extremely personal every bit good as more generalised ( Kim Lee A ; Klenosky, 2003 ) . Finish attributes A uniquely complex merchandise of the touristry industry, consisting among other factors, an country s clime, substructure and superstructure, services and natural attractive forces ( Kim, 1998 ) . Decision doing Leads to the concluding pick of a travel finish which is influenced by a figure of psychological ( internal ) and non-psychological ( external ) variables ( Dellaert, Etterma A ; Lindh, 1998 ) . Destination pick Tourist s choice of a finish from a set of options which is determined by assorted motivational factors ( Hsu, Tsai and Wu, 2009 ) . Boundary lines Small sample size due to miss of work force and limited fund This restriction occurred when samples are targeted entirely at backpackers at Penang and hence, the surveies represent merely the motives of a little group of backpackers peculiarly in Penang merely. Data aggregation could non done with a large sample size as deficiency of work force to roll up informations and to administer questionnaires could non be done. As a consequence, generalisation could non be made and holistic consequence could non be achieved since the sample size is non diversified. In future, a survey possibly conducted in a larger population. Very few information on backpackers arrival in Penang every bit good as in Malaya Tourist reachings Numberss normally do non include backpacker reachings. In a statistic from the hotel tenancy rate, informations were merely gathered from hotel evaluation of one to five stars which excluded budget adjustments such as backpacker hostel and guesthouse. As a consequence of this, the exact figures of backpacker reaching in Penang could non be retrieved. Cooperation from budget adjustment proprietor seems to be hard Guesthouse proprietor sometimes do non give cooperation and they do non allow research to be done with their invitees in regard of their guest privateness. Cooperation from guesthouse proprietor is earnestly needed as targeted respondents would be backpackers and that research is conducted in the guesthouse if allowable. 1.6 Significance of survey The determination of this survey is indispensable because: It provides a agency for authorities to advance Penang as an international backpacker touristry finish. It is of import to analyze the push and pull motive factors in order to understand the demands and wants and therefore, advancing Penang consequently. Determine the best property of Penang that can pull backpackers. Acknowledge the factors that contribute to backpacker determination in taking Penang as their backpacking finish. Identify the parts of backpackers to Penang s local development. This survey is an geographic expedition that will assist academicians, practician, every bit good as determination shapers to be after effectual and efficient pattern to supply practical service quality solution toward run intoing client s satisfaction, demands and wants. 2.0 Review of related literature This chapter reviews the literature in the context of this survey. It presents the literature and information about travel motives specifically in this survey, push and pull factors which motivated backpackers to take up backpacking trip. These relationships are farther explored into how the factors influence their determination devising. The relationships between destination-choice and determination devising are farther explained below and eventually with a decision. 2.1 Motivation Motivation has been referred to as psychological or biological demands and wants, including built-in forces that arouse, direct, and incorporate a individual s behaviour and activity. This is strongly supported by Lee, Chen and Hua ( 2005 ) , saying that there must be a motive for each traveling form since it guides the activities of an single since motive maintain the activity traveling toward a certain accomplishment to predate interior bosom tracking. Different type of travellers exhibit important differences. Assorted people embark on journey for different grounds, and these experiences mean different things for them ( Uriely, Yonay A ; Simchai, 2002 ) Therefore, motive is considered to be the driving force that dominate the traveling form in order to fulfill one s desire and to increase self value. Peoples travel with different intents harmonizing to their demands and wants, and these demands and wants affect their motive to go. Correia et Al. ( 2007 ) agreed to this point and farther elaborate that people decide to go for different grounds and motivations which is perceived as forces to cut down a province of tensenesss. Determining the factors that influence people s pick of finish derived from the motive that one has. Harmonizing to Hsu et Al. ( 2009 ) , travel motive has been an of import country of survey in the touristry literature. The survey in this paper is based on the motive construct of push and pulls factors. As motive is a dynamic construct it may change from one individual to another, from one finish to another and from one decision-making procedure to the following. The push and pull factors provide a utile attack for analyzing the motives underlying tourer motive and how it influences the determination doing procedure as to whether take a peculiar finish as their backpacking finish pick. Lam A ; Hsu ( 2006 ) identifies that the underlying thought of the push and pull theoretical account is the decomposition of an person s pick of a travel finish into two forces. The first force pushes a tourist manner from place that derived from the general desire to travel and be someplace else, without stipulating where that may be. The 2nd force is of a part specific enticement that pulls a tourer towards a finish and are chiefly related to the sensed attraction of a finish ( Bansal A ; Eiselt, 2004 ) . These forces describe how persons are pushed by internal variables and how they are pulled by travel finish attributes. Lam and Hsu ( 2005 ) illustrated that the several push and pull factors of travel are due to the internal motivations of an person and the external forces of a finish. These factors guide people s attitudes and these attitudes so lead to behavioral purposes of taking a travel finish. The push motives have so been utile for explicating the desire for travel, while the pull motives were used to exemplify the existent property of a peculiar finish pick. 2.1.1 Determinants of travel as push factors Push factors have been conceptualized as motivational factors or demands that arise due to a disequilibrium or tenseness in the motivational system ( Kim, Lee A ; Klenosky, 2003 ) and they had since became the determiners of travel. Push factors are internally generated thrusts doing tourer to seek for marks in objects, state of affairss and events that contain the promise of cut downing prevailing thrusts ( Gnoth, 1997 ) . Yoon and Uysal ( 2005 ) confirmed the old statement, lucubrating that push motives are related to tourers desire either internally or emotionally. The force of push factor pushes an single off from place and efforts to develop a general desire to go without stipulating where that may be. The basic push motives for travel among tourers are a mixture of geographic expedition, exhilaration and relaxation. Richards and Wilson ( 2004 ) , nevertheless, argued that backpackers are motivated by experiential factor, unlike tourers who are more likely to be in hunt of rel axations. Backpackers in peculiar tend to underscore on points related to see seeking and are less concerned about relaxation. Push motives can be seen as the desire for flight, remainder and relaxation, freshness seeking and exhilaration. As Yoon and Uysal ( 2005 ) stated, tourers may go to get away everyday and hunt for reliable experiences. The thought that tourers may go to get away modus operandi of mundane life may presume their trip as a ground to get away from personal or interpersonal environment ( Kim, Lee and Klenosky, 2003 ) . Backpackers frequently report feelings of dissaisfaaction with their place societies and the force per unit areas of mundane life ( Maoz, 2007 ) and they by and large see travel as a signifier of flight and as a opportunity for personal growing and a hunt of significance. By get awaying their mundane environment, a individual can go forth behind the personal and/or interpersonal universe with assorted grounds, such as personal jobs, problems, troubles and failures or the day-to-day interpersonal universe ( Ross and Iso-Ahola, 1991 ) . Mansfeld ( 2002 ) explained the causal relationship between stimulations, in this instance, push factor and determination on where to travel based on an analysis of the motivational phase which reveals the manner in which people set ends for their finish pick and how these ends are so reflected in their finish pick. In a survey of motive of backpackers in South Africa, Niggel and Benson ( 2008 ) confirmed that push factor of flight was extremely important in which it ranked the 3rd most of import push. Harmonizing to Maoz ( 2007 ) , backpackers besides attempt to get away from a really mercenary, stressed and rough society to happen safety in an reliable, pure, relaxed and aboriginal finish. Complexity, freshness and diverseness are every bit good of import actuating factors in the pick of activities and finishs ( Atljenic A ; Doorne, 2004 ) . For case, the public-service corporation acquired by a determination as a consequence of its ability to elicit wonder, supply freshness and/or to fulfill a desire of cognition can be seen reflected in a sustained civilization of North American pupils desire to research Europe in a back pack travel manner during summer vacations ( Bansalt A ; Eiselt, 2004 ) . Benson ( 2008 ) stated that the demand to research and larn as wonder and the hunt for the significance of the universe as innate and cardinal thrusts proved to be most important to backpackers. Lepp A ; Gibson ( 2004 ) clarified that sing a fresh finish may be one manner of reconstructing psychological balance. Freshness seeking might be associated with an person s life style or environment features. Besides freshness seeking, backpackers primary motive for travel may every bit good be to seek experiences of escapade and genuineness. The hunt is construed non as a affair of leisure, but as a meaningful, experiential desire that may indue the person s individuality with a richer and fuller experience. As Noy ( 2004 ) discussed in his surveies, backpacker is besides be viewed as an authenticist tourer as they insist on seeking untasted and good finish. 2.1.2 Destination attributes as pull factors Kim, Lee A ; Klenosky ( 2003 ) conceptualised the facts of pull factors as associating to the characteristics, attractive forces, or properties of the finish itself. The pull factors force an single towards a finish due to specific enticement ( touchable and intangible cues ) that attract people to recognize the demands of a peculiar travel experiences ( Lam A ; Hsu, 2006 ) in which it measures the finish s ability to pull attractive forces. Each finish has its ain properties to offer from a broad scope of merchandises and services that acts as a enticement. Emotions and feelings about finish attributes likely motivate tourers to be after a trip ( Goossens, 2000 ) . Destination attributes may excite and reenforce push motives because people are pushed by motive variables into doing travel determinations. Harmonizing to Gnoth ( 1997 ) , pull factors are generated by the cognition about end properties which an person holds. The usage of the listing of finish properties harmonizing to Bansalt and Eiselt ( 2004 ) from which travel motivations are inferred act as an external force to an person and it influences where people travel, given the initial desire to go. Destination attributes could be many and differ from one finish to another and tourers were granted the chance to take from the set of finishs. The comparative importance of finish properties varies consequently to the initial motivational factors, in footings of their travel intent ( Kim, Lee A ; Klenosky, 2003 ) . Preference sets and finish properties harmonizing to Kozak ( 2002 ) can be matched to specific psychographic profiles of tourers. For illustration, the flight relaxation backpackers may fit their finish pick with penchant for finish with night life and amusement. Mansfeld ( 2002 ) noted that it is good documented in surveies that on the travel motive of tourers that random and irrational motive can alter the full manner of measuring properties that eventually leads to destination choice. The image of a topographic point is an holistic concept which derived from attitudes towards the finishs perceived touristry properties. Backpackers do non take, but instead, the properties are possessed and backpackers use perceptual experience of properties as input factors to measure public-service corporation ( Um A ; Cromp ton, 1990 ) . Practical concerns such as increased media exposure and safer, speedier and more comfy travel may be the factors act uponing the entreaty of finishs. Ads are directed towards possible tourers trying to prise and entice these tourers out of their places at the same clip, advancing a specific finish. The utility of this construct is to pattern the intangible intrinsic desires of a tourer to travel on holiday ( Kozak, 2002 ) and to excite and reenforce built-in push motives. 2.2 Relationship between destination-choice and decision-making Most surveies of tourers travel pick reference tourers finish picks as the cardinal component in decision-making ( Dellaert, Ettemas A ; Lindh, 1998 ) . Richards and Wilson ( 2004 ) emphasised that decision-making procedure of backpackers is significance for touristry market as a whole. Harmonizing to Gnoth ( 1997 ) , consumers based their determinations about finishs on the properties, installations and experiences that they anticipate. At the really root of every finish pick is the assignments of public-service corporation values to assorted parts of the finish option and these parts are so referred to as finish property. The image and attitude dimensions of a topographic point as a travel finish are likely to be critical elements in the finish pick procedure, irrespective of whether or non they are the representations of what that topographic point has to offer ( Um A ; Crompton, 1990 ) . As a cardinal component in the travel decision-making procedure, tourers determinations are complex multi-faceted determinations in which the picks for different elements are interrelated. Assorted forms of tourer flows yield consequences from a differential choice-process that derives from a assortment of tourer demands, outlooks and background ( Mansfeld, 1992 ) . The determiners of whether to take depend on their perceptual experience that in the terminal, act upon their pick. Harmonizing to Hsu, Tsai A ; Wu ( 2009 ) , finish pick can be conceptualised as a tourer s choice of a finish signifier a set of options and that choice is determined by assorted motivational factors. Therefore, finish pick is the apogee of a combination of the thrust and anticipation factors. Goossens ( 2000 ) pointed out that push and pull factors have to be incorporated in the motivational mechanism that triggers the finish pick procedure. In add-on to motive, causal factors such as the handiness of clip, economic resources and old experiences may every bit good act upon the procedure of finish pick. This reflects the demand to optimise benefits within the restraints of disposable clip and money. The destination-choice of tourers as with many other sorts of picks involves a grade of uncertainness. One can leave a more realistic importance of both rational and irrational elements that influence the determination procedure and its effects. Mansfeld ( 1992 ) explained the holiday sequence which is really much controlled by both push and pull factors, where tourer is foremost motivated by given push factors to take a holiday. Having been so motivated, the person has to do a determination whether to travel on jaunt or to remain at place. This determination is based on an appraisal of single restraints as good the predominating economic state of affairs. If the determination is to set about a trip, the remainder of the determination procedure is channeled through the phases of information assemblage, riddance of options and eventually, the existent finish pick. An analysis of motivational phase can uncover the manner people set ends for their finish pick. Destination direction could either advance properties that best lucifer tourer motives or concentrate on a different market where tourer motives and finish resources match each other. Therefore, the determiners of touristry info hunt procedure comprise the grade of assorted push and pull factors associated with the finish during the decision-making procedure. The comparative importance of motivational factors resulted from assorted forms of tourer yielded consequences from a differential pick procedure that derived from a assortment of tourer demands, outlook and backgrounds ( Mansfeld, 2002 ) . 2.3 Decision Push and pull factors should non be viewed as being wholly independent of each other, but instead as being basically related. In peculiar, internal factors drive travel while external factors attract backpackers. In make up ones minding where to travel, backpackers should take in to consideration assorted pull factors which correspond adequately to their push motives. Therefore, placing influential factors is indispensable in make up ones minding where the finish of one s travel will be. The finish pick procedure is hence related to tourers appraisals of finish properties and their sensed public-service corporation ( Kozak, 2002 ) . 3.0 The analysis of informations The intent of this chapter is to supply an apprehension of the method of aggregation and the relevant analytical issues to be addressed. It presents informations needed and informations aggregation technique, questionnaire design, trying technique and information analysis. 3.1 Data needed and the agencies to obtain informations Data needed in this survey was far making whereby it needs to fit several aims. First, it must be able to supply penetrations into understanding of travel motive ( push and pull factors ) on tourers. Second, it must be able to prove the relationships between variables utilizing the statistical agencies. Finally, the chosen research design must run into cost and clip considerations in position of types of information required and the handiness of resources. For the intent of this survey, different methods of informations aggregation have been utilised such as the assemblage of secondary informations and primary informations through questionnaires study. 3.1.1 Secondary Data Collection The aggregation of secondary informations for the survey was chiefly from published articles, studies, diaries or books relevant to the field of survey. The information include one-year studies, known published paperss from earlier surveies and relevant authorities paperss. Huge and dependable sum of electronic informations through had been easy retrieved from the cyberspace. These informations were downloaded from reputable and dependable resources to help research worker in the readying of this survey. 3.1.2 Primary Data Collection The aggregation of primary informations for this survey involves an on-site self-administered questionnaire at three different vicinities. The questionnaire consists of three subdivisions, viz. subdivision A, B and C. Section A covered demographic inquiries of backpackers sing Penang. Close-ended inquiries are used to obtain background information such as age, gender, monthly income, educational makings, matrimonial position and business position. Section B covered inquiries on push factors while Section C covered inquiries pull factors that influenced backpackers trial to Penang with a five- point likert graduated table. 3.2 Sampling Technique 3.2.1 Study population and sample size This survey will be conducted at Batu Ferringhi, and in between the territory of Chulia Street and Love Lane. These vicinities are chosen because they are located in the town country and can be accessed easy. The targeted population of the study is invitees remaining in budget adjustment, including international and domestic backpackers, who stayed in guesthouse, backpackers lodge and inn during the informations aggregation period. The targeted population of this survey involves entirely backpackers sing Penang and the survey will be conducted within a month. The population chosen will be indiscriminately selected from invitees remaining at any budget adjustment within the mentioned country. A sum of 900 questionnaires will be distributed and 300 questionnaires are to be distributed in the mentioned three vicinities which are ( one ) Batu Feringghi, ( two ) territory of Chulia Street and ( three ) Love Lane. 300 questionnaires will be distributed indiscriminately at each country, doi ng a sum of 900 questionnaires at the three cumulative countries. Out of the 300 questionnaires given at a peculiar vicinity, merely 169 will be used every bit sample as for some questionnaires may be uncomplete and hence, those questionnaires will so be excluded. 3.2.2 Sampling technique The trying method that will be used in this research is convenience trying choice ( unrestricted chance trying ) . The choice of participants for a survey is based on their propinquity to the research worker and the easiness with which research worker can entree the participants. Questionnaires were distributed at random at the three vicinities. The first 10 yearss, questionnaire a figure of 225 questionnaires are to be distributed in within the vicinity of Chulia Street. The undermentioned 10 yearss a figure of 225 questionnaires will be distributed in the vicinity of Love Lane whereas the staying 225 questionnaires will be distributed during the last 10 yearss at Batu Feringghi. Datas Analysis To place both push and pull factors that influence decision-making as stated in sub-problem one and two, informations will be analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences ( SPSS ) . Descriptive statistics such as simple frequences and average evaluations will be computed on travel motives amongst backpackers going to Penang. To analyze the overall differences between degrees of socio-demographic variables in push and pull factors, a multivariate analysis of discrepancy ( MANOVA ) process will be conducted. Is statistical analysis is found, a follow-up one manner ANOVA trial will Bonferroni multiple comparings rectification or t-tests will be later undertaken to analyze the important differences between social-demographic subgroups ( stand foring different degrees of age, business, instruction, gender and income ) on the push and pull factors. However, if important differences in one-way trials occur, Duncan s multiple scope trial will be used to analyze the beginning of differences across the respondent subgroups. Finally, to analyze the 3rd bomber job which is placing the relationship between finish pick and determination devising, Pearson s correlativity coefficients will be computed to place the grade of interrelatednesss among the two dimensions.

Male Character Analysis in The Importance of Being Earnest

Male Character Analysis in The Importance of Being Earnest An earnest person is someone who practices diligence, seriousness, and above all sincerity. That being said, it is difficult to find a male character in Oscar Wilde’s   The Importance of Being Earnest who possesses these three qualities of earnestness despite the two leading male roles portray Ernest part-time in the comedic play. Take a closer look at the double life of respectable Jack Worthing and irreverent bachelor Algernon Moncrieff. Growing Up Jack Worthing The beginning of the play reveals that protagonist John Jack Worthing has a most unusual and amusing backstory. As a baby, he was accidentally abandoned in a handbag at a railway station, and a wealthy man, Thomas Cardew, discovered and adopted him as a child. Jack was named Worthing, after the seaside resort which Cardew visited. Worthing grew up to become a wealthy land-owner and investor, who was the legal guardian of Cardew’s granddaughter, Cecily. As the central character of the play, Jack might seem serious at first glance. He is far more proper and less ridiculous than his dandified friend, Algernon Algy Moncrieff.  In many productions of the play, the protagonist has been portrayed in a somber, straight-faced manner. Dignified actors such as Sir John Gielgud and Colin Firth have brought Jack to life on stage and screen, adding an air of dignity and refinement to the character. But, do not let appearances fool you. Witty Scoundrel Algernon Moncrieff One of the reasons Jack seems comparatively serious is due to the frivolous and playful nature of his friend, Algernon Moncrieff. Of all the characters in The Importance of Being  Earnest,  it is believed that Algernon is the embodiment of Oscar Wilde’s personality. Algernon exemplifies wit, satirizes the world around him, and views his own life as art’s highest form. Like Jack, Algernon enjoys the pleasures of the city and high society. (He also enjoys muffins and comes off as a bit of a glutton). Unlike Jack, Algernon loves to offer urbane social commentary about class, marriage, and Victorian society. Here are a few gems of wisdom, compliments of Algernon (Oscar Wilde): According to Algernon, relationships are â€Å"Divorces are made in heaven.† About modern culture, he comments, â€Å"Oh! It is absurd to have a hard and fast rule about what one should read and what one shouldn’t. More than half of modern culture depends on what one shouldn’t read.† One of his thoughts regarding family and living is rather insightful: â€Å"Relations are simply a tedious pack of people, who haven’t got the remotest knowledge of how to live, nor the smallest instinct about when to die.† Unlike Algernon, Jack avoids making strong, general commentary. He finds some of Algernons sayings to be nonsense. And when Algernon says something that rings true, Jack finds it socially unacceptable to be uttered in public. Algernon, on the other hand, likes to stir up trouble. Dual Identities The theme of leading double lives is commonplace throughout The Importance of Being Earnest. Despite his faà §ade of high moral character, Jack has been living a lie. His friend, Algernon, it turns out has a double identity as well. Jack’s relatives and neighbors believe him to be a moral and productive member of society. Yet, Jack’s first line in the play explains his true motivation for escaping his country home for the excitement of the city, he says, Oh pleasure, pleasure! What else should bring one anywhere? So, despite his stuffy outward appearance, Jack is a hedonist. He is also a liar. He has invented an alter-ego, a fictional brother named â€Å"Ernest.† His life in the country has been so tedious that he creates a reason to abandon his dreary and dutiful persona. Jack: When one is placed in the position of guardian, one has to adopt a very high moral tone on all subjects. It’s one’s duty to do so. And as a high moral tone can hardly be said to conduce very much to either one’s health or one’s happiness, in order to get up to town I have always pretended to have a younger brother of the name of Ernest, who lives in the Albany, and gets into the most dreadful scrapes. Algernon has also been leading a double life. He has created a friend named â€Å"Bunbury.† Whenever Algernon wants to avoid a boring dinner party, he says that Bunbury has fallen ill. Then Algernon cavorts off to the countryside, seeking amusement. During act two of the play, Algernon intensifies Jack’s conflict by posing as Jack’s delinquent brother Ernest. The Loves of Their Lives Algernon and Jack get entangled in their dual identities and the pursuit of their true loves. For both men, the Importance of Being Ernest is the only way to make it work with their hearts true desires. Jacks Love for Gwendolen Fairfax Despite his deceptive nature, Jack is sincerely in love with Gwendolen Fairfax, the daughter of the aristocratic Lady Bracknell. Because of his desire to marry Gwendolen, Jack is anxious to â€Å"kill off† his alter-ego Ernest. The problem is that Gwendolen thinks that Jack’s name is Ernest. Ever since she was a child, Gwendolen has been infatuated with the name. Jack decides not to confess the truth of his name until Gwendolen gets it out of him in act two: Jack: It is very painful for me to be forced to speak the truth. It is the first time in my life that I have ever been reduced to such a painful position, and I am really quite inexperienced in doing anything of the kind. However, I will tell you quite frankly that I have no brother Ernest. I have no brother at all. Fortunately for Jack, Gwendolen is a forgiving woman. Jack explains that he arranged a christening, a religious ceremony in which he will officially change his name to Ernest once and for all. The gesture touches Gwendolen’s heart, reuniting the couple. Algernon Falls for Cecily During their first encounter, Algernon falls in love with Cecily, Jack’s pretty eighteen-year-old ward. Of course, Cecily does not know Algernon’s true identity at first. And like Jack, Algernon is willing to sacrifice his namesake in order to win his love’s hand in marriage. (Like Gwendolen, Cecily is enchanted by the name â€Å"Ernest†). Both men go to great lengths in order to make their lies become the truth. And that is the heart of the humor behind The Importance of Being Earnest.

The Perfect Structure of Writing a Business Term Paper

The Perfect Structure of Writing a Business Term Paper The Perfect Structure of Writing a Business Term Paper A term paper is likely to be included as a requirement for most, if not all, of your business classes. It is mostly because it not only helps to determine how well a student is doing in understanding the concepts of the course but also to give them the opportunity to learn more in depth information about a particular subject. The extensive research that is needed to effectively write a succinct business term paper gives the student a chance to get more complete concepts in business. A business term paper is usually between 8 to 10 pages in length, however, these requirements vary per instructor. Students are usually given the entire term to complete the assignment, which is the main reason why it is called a â€Å"term† paper. The paper needs to include various components that will be discussed in more detail below. This guide will help you work through each section. Title Page Certain formatting styles like the APA format will need the title page to be an additional paper all by itself. It gives the information like your paper’s name, your name, course name, school name, and date. It is the first page of your paper. The MLA form does not have a title page and all of this information is in the upper left hand side of the page. Abstract Large papers will include an abstract that gives a summary of what the paper is about. The summary should give all of the important information. Fill up half of the paper with single spaced text and you should be all set. Remember, this section isn’t like the back cover of a book. It shouldn’t keep the â€Å"good stuff† secret. The reader should be able to read this instead of the entire piece. Table of Contents The table of contents lists all of the sections and chapter titles and the page number where the sections can be found. It usually comes after the abstract if there is one in the paper. Introduction Make sure that you introduce your topic and give some background information on it. It means that you need to provide a brief overview to get the reader interested. Include the thesis near the end of the introduction. Thesis The thesis is the main point that you are trying to make. If you could prove your point in one sentence, the thesis would be it. Make an outline to help you develop the perfect thesis for your paper. It is the best way to make sure that you do it just right. Body Here is where you have to â€Å"put your money where your mouth is† and prove your thesis. The evidence that supports your thesis must be trustworthy because, otherwise, your points will be easy to dispute. Conclusion Now it is time to wrap it up. You need to restate your main points in your conclusion and pull it all together. Don’t rush this part of the process. It is vital to the success of your paper and your last chance to get your points across. Bibliography The reference page gives all of your resources that were used. You need to give credit to those that you get your ideas from. It is not only the right move to make, but it also allows you to give your words extra power. When people see the source, they believe what you say more than before. Show that different scientists have your back in the facts that you state. When you are writing your custom term paper, these tips are very vital to the success of your paper. Now, all you have to do is get writing. Get to work. A great paper is right around the corner.

Measurement system in engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Measurement system in engineering - Essay Example These were, at best, crude devices which gives a â€Å"feel† of the magnitude of the physical quantity. They do not provide accurate measurements and therefore cannot be recorded and kept for future reference. To overcome this, a new type of device was created. This is called transducer. These transducers are used to convert mechanical quantities into electrical signals which can be recorded. Measurement systems started gaining prominence in engineering and a new genre called â€Å"instrumentation† engineering was born. This is done using Strain gauges. Strain gauges are constructed with materials whose electrical resistance value changes when force is applied on them. The variation in resistance is directly proportional to the force applied. The variation in resistance can be measured using a wheatstone bridge or a simple voltmeter-ammeter method. The basic strain gauge is used in the industry in weighing scales, weighing systems etc. Different variations of the same are also used in measuring tension in a material (like paper, steel strip etc) as tension is also essentially force. A variation of the same can also be used to measure â€Å"torque† - which is the angular force i.e force x distance. There are several ways of measuring pressure. The cruder ways of measuring pressure using manometers or bourdon tubes have now been replaced by more sophisticated measurement techniques. The most common way to measure pressure of a flowing liquid is to use a venturi. As the liquid passes through a â€Å"venturi†, the velocity of the liquid increases and the corresponding pressure decreases known as â€Å"Bernoullis Equation† (â€Å"FlowMax engineering,†n.d.) This principle is used to measure the pressure. As a derivative of the same, the venturi meter can be used to measure â€Å"flow† of the liquid as well – since â€Å"flow† is proportional to square root of the pressure drop. An electronic circuit to generate the

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile Essay

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile - Essay Example Alligators are generally categorized as belonging to the alligatoridae family of crocodilians that is seen to also include the caimans. Perhaps on the most distinguishing characteristic aspects of the alligator is the fact that the noses of alligators are generally shaped to have a rather wide U-shaped, and rounded snout that can be deemed as having the appearance of a shovel (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188). This broad design of an alligators snout can be perceived to have been designed mainly for strength and is designed to ensure that the animal can be able to easily withstand the stress to its bone structure caused when it applies massive force in cracking the rather hard shells of invertebrates such as turtles that form a significant part of its diet. As a result of an alligator’s upper jaw being significantly larger than its lower jaw, its jaws completely overlap when its mouth is closed with the teeth on the lower jaw becoming completely hidden as they neatly fit int o small depressions located in the upper jaw (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188; Tan 40). This aspect can be seen to be especially pronounced in relation to the large fourth tooth of the animal located in the lower jaw. The salt glands situated on the tongues of alligators are less effective as compared to those of crocodiles and generally appear to have lost their innate ability of enabling the animal to excrete significant amounts of salt (Tan 40). Alligators can be able to grow and attain a length of about 14 to 16 feet a length that is considerably larger that of some crocodile species (Smith 205). With a V-shaped snout, the snout of a crocodile is basically found to be more pointed as compared to an alligator. The shape of its snout is seen to cause the animal to become more generalized and much better adapted for a wider range of prey. A crocodile’s upper and lower jaws are fundamentally the same width

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile Essay

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile - Essay Example Alligators are generally categorized as belonging to the alligatoridae family of crocodilians that is seen to also include the caimans. Perhaps on the most distinguishing characteristic aspects of the alligator is the fact that the noses of alligators are generally shaped to have a rather wide U-shaped, and rounded snout that can be deemed as having the appearance of a shovel (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188). This broad design of an alligators snout can be perceived to have been designed mainly for strength and is designed to ensure that the animal can be able to easily withstand the stress to its bone structure caused when it applies massive force in cracking the rather hard shells of invertebrates such as turtles that form a significant part of its diet. As a result of an alligator’s upper jaw being significantly larger than its lower jaw, its jaws completely overlap when its mouth is closed with the teeth on the lower jaw becoming completely hidden as they neatly fit int o small depressions located in the upper jaw (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188; Tan 40). This aspect can be seen to be especially pronounced in relation to the large fourth tooth of the animal located in the lower jaw. The salt glands situated on the tongues of alligators are less effective as compared to those of crocodiles and generally appear to have lost their innate ability of enabling the animal to excrete significant amounts of salt (Tan 40). Alligators can be able to grow and attain a length of about 14 to 16 feet a length that is considerably larger that of some crocodile species (Smith 205). With a V-shaped snout, the snout of a crocodile is basically found to be more pointed as compared to an alligator. The shape of its snout is seen to cause the animal to become more generalized and much better adapted for a wider range of prey. A crocodile’s upper and lower jaws are fundamentally the same width

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile Essay

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile - Essay Example Alligators are generally categorized as belonging to the alligatoridae family of crocodilians that is seen to also include the caimans. Perhaps on the most distinguishing characteristic aspects of the alligator is the fact that the noses of alligators are generally shaped to have a rather wide U-shaped, and rounded snout that can be deemed as having the appearance of a shovel (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188). This broad design of an alligators snout can be perceived to have been designed mainly for strength and is designed to ensure that the animal can be able to easily withstand the stress to its bone structure caused when it applies massive force in cracking the rather hard shells of invertebrates such as turtles that form a significant part of its diet. As a result of an alligator’s upper jaw being significantly larger than its lower jaw, its jaws completely overlap when its mouth is closed with the teeth on the lower jaw becoming completely hidden as they neatly fit int o small depressions located in the upper jaw (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188; Tan 40). This aspect can be seen to be especially pronounced in relation to the large fourth tooth of the animal located in the lower jaw. The salt glands situated on the tongues of alligators are less effective as compared to those of crocodiles and generally appear to have lost their innate ability of enabling the animal to excrete significant amounts of salt (Tan 40). Alligators can be able to grow and attain a length of about 14 to 16 feet a length that is considerably larger that of some crocodile species (Smith 205). With a V-shaped snout, the snout of a crocodile is basically found to be more pointed as compared to an alligator. The shape of its snout is seen to cause the animal to become more generalized and much better adapted for a wider range of prey. A crocodile’s upper and lower jaws are fundamentally the same width

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile Essay

Compare and Contrast an Alligator vs. Crocodile - Essay Example Alligators are generally categorized as belonging to the alligatoridae family of crocodilians that is seen to also include the caimans. Perhaps on the most distinguishing characteristic aspects of the alligator is the fact that the noses of alligators are generally shaped to have a rather wide U-shaped, and rounded snout that can be deemed as having the appearance of a shovel (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188). This broad design of an alligators snout can be perceived to have been designed mainly for strength and is designed to ensure that the animal can be able to easily withstand the stress to its bone structure caused when it applies massive force in cracking the rather hard shells of invertebrates such as turtles that form a significant part of its diet. As a result of an alligator’s upper jaw being significantly larger than its lower jaw, its jaws completely overlap when its mouth is closed with the teeth on the lower jaw becoming completely hidden as they neatly fit int o small depressions located in the upper jaw (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney187-188; Tan 40). This aspect can be seen to be especially pronounced in relation to the large fourth tooth of the animal located in the lower jaw. The salt glands situated on the tongues of alligators are less effective as compared to those of crocodiles and generally appear to have lost their innate ability of enabling the animal to excrete significant amounts of salt (Tan 40). Alligators can be able to grow and attain a length of about 14 to 16 feet a length that is considerably larger that of some crocodile species (Smith 205). With a V-shaped snout, the snout of a crocodile is basically found to be more pointed as compared to an alligator. The shape of its snout is seen to cause the animal to become more generalized and much better adapted for a wider range of prey. A crocodile’s upper and lower jaws are fundamentally the same width

Essay on Ethics in Technology Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On Ethics in Technology - Essay Example The software companies purchase these copyrights so that the software cannot be copied anywhere else globally. In any case, if the owner wants duplication of the software then a unique kind of copyright is purchased for the software, which is known as the copy left. It allows duplication within specific regions allowed by the owner. Trade secrecy is another form of software protection, which allows the owner to determine where he is willing to sell his software in the world. There are no rights purchased for this type of ethical measures. One of the major characteristics that differentiate trade secrets from others is utilization of trade secrets by companies when they classify the work that does not fall in existing public domain of information. As for software patents, there is no legal existence because the law cannot define whether a software is genuinely a unique invention or not (Reynolds, 2010). Patents usually are given for a period of twenty years for an invention or creatio n. These are three ways software can be protected and their legal usage i.e., ethical usage be made possible. Technological ethics need to be highlighted on a vast scale as when they are enforced with great force, legal usage of the technology can be achieved on a greater margin. These methods of protecting the technology are common yet need special considerations in their development so that they become a strong force in battling against the unethical usage of technology. Any use of product or service that exploits is considered unethical and which gives rise to ethical perceptions. The technology has enabled us to apply several concepts of ethics by our own selves yet we are unable to define what the exact perimeters of ethical usage in technology are. The copyright act of 1976 proposes five basic rights owned by a copyright owner (Tavani, 2011).These rights describe as to what owner’s obligations are and

Information mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Information mangment - Essay Example The system also works towards shifting the workload from any single local computer system, to a cloud of many other computers that are interconnected to the system, which also functions like the computer in the main organization, through a web-based service that allows the local computers to run the programs of the organization such as the e-mail as well as other complex data of the organization (Furht & Escalante, 2010 p22). Social media Social media is a form of cloud computing, since it entails the use of data and resources of a single organization by different end users, who are situated in different parts of the world, through the internet (Morley & Parker, 19). Social media qualifies as a form of cloud computing, since it allows various end users to use the software and data of a single organization, to connect with the organization and with other end users, using their local computers and other internet-connecting devices, from all over the world. Social media is a form of clo ud computing because it entails many people connected to the social network through the internet, but operating from different regions. ... f cloud computing to large organizations that cannot be obtained by the small organizations is that the large organizations and the SMEs can use the same resources, but the large organization will benefit more, since it will spread the accessibility of the similar resources to many of its stakeholders, while the SMEs have few stakeholders to share with. Thus cloud computing offers the cost redaction benefit more to the large organizations, more than to the SMEs. Challenges for SMEs vis-a-vis big organisations The challenge is similar however, since Companies with different sizes (big, medium and small companies) face similar problems when it comes to the application of social media as a form of cloud computing, since their employees are using the existing computing resources owned by the companies, to connect and communicate with their relations, at the expense of applying such organizational resources productively (Morley & Parker, 19). The difference in the challenges between the l arge organization and the SMEs is that the large organizations have the ability to acquire and use the cloud computing technology, more than the SMEs. Differentiating between the three kinds of cloud computing Cloud computing platform is the main podium through which developers write the applications that runs the cloud (Furht & Escalante, 2010 p28). The cloud computing platform is the way through which the applications on the site of an organization are supported. On the other hand, cloud computing infrastructure refers to the interconnection of the resources that are applied to make the applications and the services possible for the end users, who uses an organizations data and software. Such infrastructure is made up of components such as operation support equipments, hardware, servers

Climate change Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Climate change - Dissertation Example Climate change is the biggest environmental problem that the world is facing today. High-intensity storms and hurricanes are hitting the United States and Australia, ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are rapidly melting and severe droughts in Indonesia have resulted in fires razing the nation’s forests to the ground. Apart from direct destructive impacts to the environment, global warming also poses a threat to human health. Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelmingly negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years on the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present. According to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006). Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase in the world’s temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses, and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world’s total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world’s resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations’ survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom being one of the signatories has committed to reducing carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006). ... Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelming negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years of the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present.ivAccording to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006)v. Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase of the world's temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world's total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world's resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations' survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom, being one of the signatories, has committed to reduce carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006)vi. This has given rise to several policies that the government has authored in order to meet the set target. This paper focuses on energy efficiency and the introduction of renewable energy as two of the solutions that the United Kingdom's construction sector have given attention to. The effectiveness of regulations in place will be studied to see if these would be adequate to significantly decrease the country's carbon emissions. Emerging insights from adaptive and community-based resource management suggest that building resilience into both human and ecological systems is an effective way to cope with environmental change characterized by future surprises or unknowable risks. We

Research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Research Paper Example d.). Have we enough resources to feed them all and to give them a comfortable life is the burning question since the last century. Fortunately the concern to answer this question is increasing day by day. Not only the demographers, economists and the qualified scholars are trying hard to answer it but the layman in the street is quibbling about it in the hope to find a clear picture of the whole situation. Wiraj and John are two students studying in an American University. John is the native so he represents the thoughts and ideas of the developed world while Wiraj is a Sudanese student belonging to one of the poorest countries of the world. Thus the debate becomes interesting as both of them unveil the two extreme existing conditions of the world in which the people are living. John: Hello Wiraj , how are you ? Remember the last time we met and talked about overpopulation and scarcity of resources, you were of the opinion that the misuse of the resources and not the overpopulation g enerating the scarcity. I was not able to refute you as I was not well prepared but now I have done my homework and I can prove that over population is the main cause of all our problems. You know that after the agricultural and industrial revolution the human population increased dramatically. The main causes were better medical facilities and better sanitation conditions. The death rate decreased and the mortality rate among the new born was also lowered down thus increasing the number of people inhibiting the earth. This growing population used the natural resources that were present everywhere in abundance. Take the example of coal, in 17th century the people used to pick coal from the surface of the earth. Now we have to dig deep to get it. It is hard to believe that your country is suffering from all kinds of problems due to overpopulation and you are not facing the facts. Tell me honestly what do you think is the main difference between America and Sudan. Let me give you some rough estimation, the average annual income in Sudan is 266.35$ while in America it is 33,070.30$(NationMaster. n. d.). it mean in Sudan people are living below poverty line. Wiraj: I think the main difference is that in Sudan we lack good governance. Our leaders are usually corrupt and incompetent. We never have a stable government as there is so much diversity of racial, religious and ethnical groups that it is hard to harness them under one power. Moreover we have a long history of colonial slavery. In 1956 we got independence from British Empire. Then we have our first civil war which lasted for almost seventeen years. The second civil war is fought for six years. You can imagine the excessive waste of all types of resources and also more than one million people died in these wars (Sudanese stories, n. d.). John: My God, if those one million people would have been living and producing more children what would be the condition of your country? Wiraj: My father says that every ch ild brings one mouth to feed but two hands to work. Our people think that the children are their strength and will support them in their old age. We still have joint family system in our country. Don’t you think that this individual living style is a waste of resources, the separate houses, the separate cars and the separate property? John: I can’

Climate change Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Climate change - Dissertation Example Climate change is the biggest environmental problem that the world is facing today. High-intensity storms and hurricanes are hitting the United States and Australia, ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are rapidly melting and severe droughts in Indonesia have resulted in fires razing the nation’s forests to the ground. Apart from direct destructive impacts to the environment, global warming also poses a threat to human health. Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelmingly negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years on the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present. According to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006). Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase in the world’s temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses, and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world’s total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world’s resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations’ survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom being one of the signatories has committed to reducing carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006). ... Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelming negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years of the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present.ivAccording to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006)v. Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase of the world's temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world's total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world's resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations' survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom, being one of the signatories, has committed to reduce carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006)vi. This has given rise to several policies that the government has authored in order to meet the set target. This paper focuses on energy efficiency and the introduction of renewable energy as two of the solutions that the United Kingdom's construction sector have given attention to. The effectiveness of regulations in place will be studied to see if these would be adequate to significantly decrease the country's carbon emissions. Emerging insights from adaptive and community-based resource management suggest that building resilience into both human and ecological systems is an effective way to cope with environmental change characterized by future surprises or unknowable risks. We

Consumer society gives people choice.disscus this claim Essay

Consumer society gives people choice.disscus this claim - Essay Example One of the escalating habits nowadays is that, with the arrival of convenience stores, people spend much of their shopping in supermarkets. On average, in the USA, most people consume 275 pounds of meat, 635 pounds of paper among others. Further, there is an average of one passenger car for two people in the US, One passenger car for about three people in Europe, and one passenger car for 49 people in the developing countries. Overall, the argument that consumer society is driven by choices or that drives choice as far as consumption of goods and services are concerned must be examined in a number of ways. These should include understanding what consumer society is all about, the features of the Consumer Society, the drivers of Consumer society as it is today ,with advertisement and phenomenon/technologies like credit card being ‘forced’ on people, so that they can purchase more and more. Hinchcliff et al, (2009) see consumption as a lifestyle and something that comes as a result of socialization. It is therefore, for him, a lifestyle involving people using goods and services, as the last bearers. It therefore for him the end line of ‘economic activities’ begins with assessment of the resources available and goes on through to the production stage and distribution, to the point of usage (Hinchcliff et al, 2009, pg 20). Consumer Society, or rather Consumerism, has been viewed as an economic as well as a social structure tailored and lined on the calculated systematic creation and fostering of a desire to purchase goods and services in greater amounts and sometimes with a tinge of variety. It is a process that sows the seed of belongingness (Hinchcliff et al, 2009, pg 20). The major understanding by social scientists is that consumption presents different values, attitudes and a sense of belonging (Hinchcliff et al, 2009, pg 21). The characteristic of the consumer society can be examined in the context of the common

My diary for a week Essay Example for Free

My diary for a week Essay 8. 35 am. I arrive at the hall. I am the first member of staff to arrive so I unlock the cupboard and start getting the equipment we need for the morning out after looking at the daily planning sheet. I first put the tables and chairs out. Other members of staff now start to arrive and help to put the rest out. I then cover the big table with newspaper for our craft item of the morning. Our theme is the sea side. As this is my day today and I take the role of the leader I have chosen to do sun hats. I get the straw from the cupboard to stick onto the hats that I have already cut out. 9,0clock it is now time to let the children in so I go to the door and tell them to come in. I take the fees today so go to the counter where the book and cash tin are. I receive cheques or cash from 4 parents, so right out receipts and enter it in the book. 9. 10 The parents have now all gone home so it is time for me to call the register. I ask the children to sit on the mat. Then I make sure the outside door has been locked. I sit on a small chair in front of the children so I am at their eye level. I ask the children to be quiet as I am about to call their names. I say good morning to each child and most of them say it back. We then count the children together and find we have 15 in this morning. We then talk about what we are going to do today. The children now choose their activity. I go to the craft table and assist the children in their sticking. When all the children have finished their hats I get some old catalogues and some scissors, the children then have the choice to do more gluing. 10. 30 I help to pack some off the toys away then ask the children to sit on the mat for a story. We chose a book together and I read it. After we all talk about it. The children then wash their hands and I get them to sit at the tables. I Ask a little girl whose birthday it is if she would like to hand the biscuits out. I remind them all to say thank you. I then go to a safe place at the big table to have my coffee. 11. 0clock I ask if the children would like the bikes they all say yes so I get them out of the cupboard. I then choose the children that are sat quietly first to have a bike. I sit at the pony table and play with 2 children. 11. 30 I put the bikes back into the cupboard and get the tape recorder out. I put the action song tape on and we all join in with the songs. 11. 45 I give the bags out and let the parents in. I sit with the children until their mum or carer is in the hall. 12. 0clock I lock the cupboard and check the toilets then go home.

Napoleon: A Leader Or Dictator. Essay -- essays research papers

Napoleon: A Leader or Dictator. There are never ending inquiries on the nature of Napoleonic power. But reason can prove to one that the Age of Napoleon was infact a time of democratic rule. Through Political, Social, and Economical reforms, Napoleon Bonaparte did not only transcend France, but he changed the course of history for Europe and the World today. To begin, Napoleon proved himself a democratic leader thorough many Political reforms. In 1798-99, Napoleon, with the directory's blessing, he launched his Egyptian Expedition. It was a military disaster, but Napoleon came to France a hero and saved France from the second coalition. In 1799, he staged his "Coup D'etat," and setting up the Consulate, government body representing a country in another host country, with himself as First Consul. At first this does not seem just, but Napoleon then submitted his new constitution to a Plebiscite, a vote of the people, and it was approved by a vast majority. Although the constitution gave almost complete power to the First Consul, it was the people of France who voted , as a democratic society would, to enforce this new structure of government. In 1802, Napoleon again held a Plebiscite, and was named to be First Consul for life. Also, in 1804, he submitted to Plebiscite a new constitution, ending the consulate and establishing the First French Empire. Also showing Democratic Political advancement, Napoleon signed The Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church. He t...