Essay on The Flaws of Othello, Murderer of Desdemona

In Shakespeare’s play Othello, the main character Othello is typically victimized and portrayed as a mere scapegoat of the villainous Iago’s devious plans. However, Othello is not completely void of responsibility for the death of his wife. Othello, the tragic hero, is just as responsible as Iago for his premeditated murder of Desdemona due to his own internal flaws. Specifically, flaws such as his vivid imagination and his self over-idealization are brought to the surface by Iago, which consequently allows Iago to easily manipulate Othello. Othello, a tragic hero full of hidden flaws, attempts to appear as a man of only logic and bravery, and not subjected to human emotions. His spectacle begins with his storytelling at Brabantio’s†¦show more content†¦Rogers speaks of Othello’s imagination becoming his bane; due to his incredibly imaginative mind, Othello is able to envision the supposed affair between Cassio and Desdemona regardless of the lack of concrete evidence. Once his mind has been set upon the authenticity of the affair, he overlooks logic and there is nothing to convince him otherwise, not even evidence against the allegations. Othello, similar to many tragic heroes, possesses the flaw of hubris or, excessive self-confidence. However, Othello goes even further than just being over-confident, he over-idealizes himself. In the same scene that Othello is speaking to the Duke, prior to his storytelling, he states: Vouch with me, heaven, I therefore beg it not To please the palate of my appetite, Nor to comply with heat (the young affects) In [me] defunct). (I.iii.259-262) Othello boldly declares that even heaven with all its divinity can avow for him when he proclaims he is not subjected to human passion and desires. Othello perceives himself as being â€Å"above human passions†; he is immune to emotions that would weaken ordinary humans (Kirschbaum, 291). Throughout the play and even until the end, Othello holds himself up on a pedestal. As the play comes to an end, before Othello ultimately suicides, he says: When you shall these unlucky deeds relate, Speak of me as I am. Nothing extenuate, Nor set down aught in malice. Then mustShow MoreRelatedRacial Discrimination In Othello1076 Words   |  5 Pagesmainstream society. In William Shakespeare’s Othello, the protagonist, Othello is isolated from the rest of Venetian society because of racism. Racial discrimination is common throughout the dialogue of the play, as almost all characters have directed racial slurs towards Othello. Iago, the antagonist, is able to take advantage of Othell o’s insecurities and vulnerabilities about his race and convince him of Desdemona’s infidelity. Other’s verbal comments on Othello and his own sense of reputation speedRead MoreMirror of Good and Evil in Shakespeares Othello696 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s Othello, the tragic hero, Othello, and the antagonist, Iago, are portrayed in very differing ways. Despite this fact, Iago represents the glaring faults and imperfections that Othello has, which ultimately leads to his downfall. Shakespeare very effectively uses Iago as a device to reveal Othello’s hamartias. The jealousy, mistreatment of women and racial insecurities are all flaws that Othello exhibits which are reflected in Iago’s character as well. As Othello’s flaws transpire inRead MoreComparing the Downfalls of Sophocles Oedipus and Shakespeares Othello1262 Words   |  6 Pages Oedipus and Othello were both honorable and heroic men that became the victims of tragic downfalls that can be compared and contrasted with each other. Sophocles, the writer of Oedipus the King, and Williams Shakespeare, the writer of Othello, were both enormously influential playwrights of their respective generations and their legacy continues today. The two playwrights made their masterpieces during different eras; Sophocles life coincided with the Golden Age of Greek tragedy and ShakespeareRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1198 Words   |  5 PagesA tragedy is a term used to describe destructive flaws in a character by leading to the downfall of the main character with tragic events and having an unhappy ending. The play, Othello, by William Shakespeare is twisted and full of revenge. Throughout the play there is a series of harmful plots and lies caused by Iago, the evil character in the play. Iago hates Othello from the very beginning of the play when Othello promote s Michael Cassio to lieutenant instead of himself. From this moment on,Read MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Oedipus Rex, And Willie Loman1204 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstand. Were there to be a completely virtuous hero with no flaws, no hamartia, as Aristotle describes it, there would be no sense of catharsis or enjoyment at watching horrible events afflict this perfect person. Conversely, if the individual was fraught with flaws, vices, and moral depravity, it would not be a tragedy; it would simply have been seen as his getting what was coming to him, karma, if you will. Although Oedipus, Othello, and Willie Loman can all be said to fall within Aristotle’sRead MoreTo What Extent Is Othello Responsible For His Own Downfall?1525 Words   |  7 Pagesis brought about by specific defects in his character, tragic flaws. The play, Othello, is a twisted tale of deceit and revenge. Iago creates an alternate world filled with lies, that unfortunately consumes the trusting and naive Othe llo. Othellos downfall comes about due to a combination of the influence of Iago and the fatal character flaws of the otherwise virtuous Othello. Iago absolutely hates Othello. He is angry with Othello for promoting Michael Cassio, an officer with no real battle experienceRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello As A Tragic Hero1322 Words   |  6 Pagestime one would of have to be Othello. Shakespeare wrote Othello on 1603. Nineteen years passed before Othello was first put into print in 1622 by Thomas Walkley. Othello is a tragic hero because of his noble stature, his tragic flaws, and his unfortunate downfall. Othello is a military general who is respected by the government and most of the people in his Italian community and had remarkable morals. Othello is very wealthy and is of high status. Not to mention Othello is confident of his merit, hisRead MoreThe Secrets They Kept Essay examples1185 Words   |  5 Pagestheir stories are vastly different, Othello, Oedipus and Nora had different personal flaws that led to the downfalls in their lives. However, they all shared two common flaws, dishonesty and pride. Dishonesty is a monster that transforms and manifests itself in several ways until it is exposed. For Othello, Oedipus, and Nora the monster of dishonesty was present in their lives and marriages, and resulted in pain, heartache, and regret. In Shakespeare’s play Othello the Moor of Venice, instead of communicatingRead MoreEssay on Othellos Flaw in Shakespeares The Tragedy of Othello810 Words   |  4 PagesOthellos Flaw in Shakespeares The Tragedy of Othello In Shakespeare?s play Othello, Othello himself is the tragic hero. He is an individual of high stature who is destroyed by his surroundings, his own actions, and his fate. His destruction is essentially precipitated by his own actions, as well as by the actions of the characters surrounding him. The tragedy of Othello is not a fault of a single person, but is rather the consequence of a wide range of feelings, judgments, misjudgments, andRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1599 Words   |  7 Pages William Shakespeare’s 16th century play Othello is a duplicitous and fraudulent tale set alternatingly between Venice in act 1, and the island of Cyprus thereafter. The play follows the scandalous marriage between protagonist Othello, a Christian moore and the general of the army of Venice, and Desdemona, a respected and intelligent woman who also happens to be the daughter of the Venetian Senator Brabantio. Shakespeare undoubtedly positions the marriage to be viewed as heroic and noble, despite

The Effectiveness And Side Effect Possibilities Of The...

Assessment of the effectiveness and side-effect possibilities of the combined treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease which is mainly caused by the abnormalities of insulin regulation to control glucose level in the blood, thus resulting hyperglycemia [1, 2]. There are currently two major distinct types of DM, namely type-1 and type-2 diabetes. Type-1 diabetes corresponds with the inability of pancreatic hormonal glands to produce sufficient insulin to effectively regulate blood-sugar level, therefore called insulin-dependent diabetes. On the other hand, patients with type-2 diabetes are not suffered from insulin deficiency but instead, the inability of their body to fully utilise the produced insulin, hence non-insulin-dependent diabetes [1, 2]. Among the two types of DM, type-2 diabetes has been reportedly attributed for a major part of the global diabetes patient population [1]. In 2014, the world’s diabetes population has reached 422 million, an almost four-times increase than 1980 [1]. Type-2 diabetes has also been accounted as a major death cause. According to the WHO [1], it is estimated that one and a half million of people were dead due to the direct impacts of diabetes in 2012 and another two million deaths were related to higher blood-glucose level. The symptoms of these two types of diabetes are similar [1], e.g. excessive thirst, frequent urination, weight loss, and deteriorating eyesight [2]. Nevertheless,Show MoreRelated Complications of Diabetes Essay2032 Words   |  9 PagesComplications of Diabetes Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of developing primarily vascular complications that contribute to morbidity and mortality of diabetic patients. Poor glycaemic control leads to vascular complications that affect large (macrovascular), small (microvascular) vessels or both. 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Ikea business model free essay sample

Investigate IKEAs business model and sources of competitive advantage as depicted in the case. Why do you think it has been so sucsessfull in the fragmentated fuurniture industry? What do you concider to be IKEAs main weaknesses? To answer question one I will split the question into three parts. Begining by investigating IKEAs business model and sources of competitive advantage. Then goin on to adress why it has been so sucsessfull in the fragmented furniture industry. An finally explaining IKEAs main weaknesses. IKEAs business model and sources of competitive advantage Business model Being one of the largest furniture companies in the world IKEA must be doing things right. By analising the case study we can see IKEAs strategies within its business model which have created such a sucsessfull business. Ikea has a very unique business model. It starts with how they design there furniture products in the factorys to ensure money is saved at the earliest stage with the saving being passed on to the consumer. For example the furniture will be produced with the construction and size in mind so its efective for transportation pacaging and production . IKEA understand that the majority of its customers will be price consious but are still expecting a decent standard and stylish looks. They know the challenges its customers face when shoping for furniture and egnolage customers tent to like a showroom to be able to view the item errect befor purchasing. They also like minimal delivery costs, this is why IKEA use flatpack pacaging for all its large items which are ready in store for the customer to take home. IKEA utilises a clever shgowroom design which almost fources the customer to view all IKEAs different departments. This showcases everything on offer while the customer walks round as a result they can see and potentially pick up other items they had not origanally visited the shop for. Ikea keep a large volume of the same articals in order to keep costs down. Ikea also put a lot of time into developing materials. They try to keep the cost low and environmentally friendly again passing the savings on the the customer. In china they took adavantage of the abundant materials in the country and opened up their own plants processing the wood to cut importing costs. IKEA have expanded from their home in sweden to over 37 other countries mainly in North america Asia Australier and Europe. No other competitor has achived growth in this way. IKEAs unique way of sales, production and distribution have meant its been globaly welcomed. IKEA has been made to adapt to meet the customers need s when entering different countries it always makes the changes to meet with local practices. Competitive advantage One of IKEAs main mission objectives is to offer low prices to their customers. By cutting costs but retaining a well manufactored finished product they keep prices low and the customer is happy and returnes. To keep costs low they have chosen to use flat pack furniture alowing the customer to take the furniture items home without needing expensive delivery. IKEA offers good servies to it costermers to retain competitive advantage. By keeping up a good customer service reputation they know that customers feel comfortable shoping there. From my personal experience they are very good with returnes and helping customers chose the right items for their exact needs. This leads on IKEA having good brand image which is a key competitive advantage. If a customer has been using IKEA in their home country and moves abroad there is a high chance they will be able to continue shoping with IKEA and will feel at ease furnishing there new home . IKEA is known for high quality with exceptional design which binded with its good prices means custermers stay happy. Kepping up to date with styles and changing styles when entering different markets around the world enables IKEA to retain competitive advantage anyware in the world. An example of this is larger beds when entering the USA. Within the IKEA shops there is a massive variation of different products from bathrooms to kitchens and everything you need to filll pretty much every room. As a customer it is a one stop shop for furniture and homeware. When shoping at IKEA customers know they are buying uptodate products with new inavotive styles. A large customer base with variations of products to suit different price ranges allows IKEA to apeal to wide varietly of customers. Why has IKEA been so sucsessfull in the fragmented furniture industry? I believe a combination of IKEAS unique business model which alows it to have broken in to a substansial amount of diverce markets alowes the business to grow and adapt easily. IKEAs main weaknesses The flatpack furniture has been listed as a competitive advantage but it is also a weakness. Certain consumer groups might find having to build their purchased furniture to much hastle and prefer to buy a ready made piece. Altho IKEA is in over 37 countries it only has 301 stores which is a relitivly small amount. This can mean customers are to far away to travel to IKEA especially in places such as China where not as manny people own cars. The store layout has has some critisism especially in the USA where the customers didnt want to have to walk around the maze like showroom and requested shorcuts to the checkout. The sweedish design does not apeal to to other markets. Differences such as size and style needed to be changed which costed money. In the USA they thought the flower vases were drinking cups. The advertising they use could be better there is very little television adverts or online adverts which could be utilised. Altho the furniture is stylish it is not built to last a lifetime which can put some customers off. Qusetion 2 With use of relevent globalisation and internetionalisation models analyse and evaluatwe IKEAs internationalization stetegy. What do you concider to be the key oppertunities and threats facing IKEA at the end of the case study? Within my answer to this question I am going to break the main question into three parts. Firstly listing the relevent global and internationalization models. Secondly Analising IKEAs internationalization srtategy. Thirdly analising the oppertunities and threats facing IKEA. Relevent global and internationalization models Heckscher–Ohlin model Uses the countries most abundant materials to produce products. For example Bamboo in china to make furniture. The most abundant material is the main material used when making the product. They then export the finished product therefor saving money and sustaining the local economy. Ikea fit into this model as they utilise the ubundant material they however dont export from china they sell within the country. In other locations they have had ton outsource the manufactoring. In europe they use cheap manufactoring plants in eastern europe. This would be because altho Sweeden had trees and forests its labour charges and general manufactoring costs are higher forcing IKEA to outsource to save money. Linder hypothesis (Staffan Burenstam Linder, 1961) Linder believed the more similar are the demand structures of countries the more they will trade with one another. Further, international trade will still occur between two countries having identical preferences and factor endowments. But the products will be slightly specialised to create competitive advantage between the two nations. For example IKEA coming from Sweden having much the same preferences as the rest of Europe or USA needing larger beds / buying flower vase to drink from. IKEAs internationalization strategy IKEA have used an organic growth approach to global growth. They have not used mergers with smaller business or bought out other companies. They have grown due to a increase in customer base. They how however taken it upon themselves to move to different worldwide locations where they would not have had an existing customerbase and effectivly started from scratch. People in china would not have come across an IKEA store unless they had traveled to a different continent. So advertising and promotion would have been from scratch. They have used aspects of both these models to internationalize there brand. IKEA aslo has a franchising department which aids its globalisation. As the franchisor IKEA has the following main tasks: To expand IKEAs buiness through franchising while retaining the IKEA concept being its, pricing, inderdiduality in its store design and its style. To break into any global market ikea have undergone extensive market research for example when entering Switzerland they did extensive research but it appears they didnt do so much in America. To analise how the furniture giant broke into different global markets I have used main examples of America and China. These two very different locations gave IKEA different challenges to overcome. USA The company initially tried to replicate its existing business model and products in the US but soon found It had to customize its products based on local needs. American customers, for instance, demanded bigger beds and bigger closets. IKEA had to make a number of changes to its marketing strategy in the US. The most drastic change was possibly to have to change the store layout to accomidate to the Americans who requested shortcuts to the checkout. China Befor astblishing themselves in China IKEA understood Chinese apartments were small Customers required functional, modular solutions. The company made slight modifications to its furniture to meet local needs. The store layouts reflected the typical sizes of apartments and also included a balcony resolving the problem of high import taxes in China. Oppertunities and threats facing IKEA Oppertunities IKEA has a number of oppertunities firstly following the sucsess of their global expansion further expansion into developing economies such as India. IKEA could also expand its sales online. With location being an issue for some of its potential customers having on online store with conventional delivery methords might being more profitable business. IKEA could also expand on there existing grocery and food markets. Even possibly opening small local IKEA stores offering these services . Another opportunity for IKEA is to start a high end longer lasting range again to try to apeal to another market. Threats Intensifying competiton from online superstores such as Tesco and Walmart. They are offering online and in store cheap furniture. These shops are more localised compared with IKEA. The slowing of the first time buyers market. First time buyers are one of IKEAs main target audience. The economic ressesion and people not having cash to spend on thing which arnt needed. In the resession people will focus on spending money on nessesitys such as food and healthcare rather than furniture and home comforts. References

Sample Paper for Competitive Exam free essay sample

An axially loaded bar is subjected to a normal stress of 173 MPa. The shear stress in the bar is (A) 75MPa (B) 86. 5MPa (C) 100MPa (D) 122. 3MPa Q. 5 A steel column, pinned at both ends, has a buckling load of 200kN. If the column is restrained against lateral movement at its mid-height, its buckling load will be (A) 200kN (B) 283kN (C) 400kN (D) 800kN Q. 6 The stiffness coefficient kij indicates (A) force at i due to a unit deformation at j. (B) deformation at j due to a unit force at i. (C) deformation at i due to a unit force at j. D) force at j due to a unit deformation at i. For an isotropic material, the relationship between the Young’s modulus (E), shear modulus (G) and Poisson’s ratio ( µ) is given by ( A) G = E 2(1 +  µ ) ( B) E = G 2(1 +  µ ) (C ) G = E (1 + 2 µ ) ( D) G = E 2(1 ?  µ ) Q. 7  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Paper for Competitive Exam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 1 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. ateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 8 A clay soil sample is tested in triaxial apparatus in consolidated-drained conditions at a cell pressure of 100 kN/m2. What will be the pore water pressure at a deviator stress of 40kN/m2? (A) 0kN /m2 (B) 20kN/m2 (C) 40kN/m2 (D) 60kN/m2 Q. 9 The number of blows observed in a Standard Penetration Test (SPT) for different penetration depths are given as follows. Penetration of sampler Number of blows 0-150mm 150-300mm 300-450mm The observed N value is (A) 8 (B) 14 Q. 10 6 8 10 (C) 18 (D) 24 The vertical stress at some depth below the corner of a 2m x 3m rectangular footing due to a certain load intensity is 100 kN / m2 below the centre of a 4m x 6m rectangular footing at the same depth and same load intensity? (A) 25 (B) 100 (C) 200 (D) 400 There is a free overfall at the end of a long open channel. For a given flow rate, the critical depth is less than the normal depth. What gradually varied flow profile will occur in the channel for this flow rate? (A) M1 (B) M2 (C) M3 (D) S1 The consumptive use of water for a crop during a particular stage of growth is 2. mm / day. The maximum depth of available water is the root zone is 60mm. Irrigation is required when the amount of available water is 50% of the maximum available water in the root zone. Frequency of irrigation should be (A) 10 days (B) 15days (C) 20days (D) 25days As per the Lacey’s method for design of alluvial channels, identity the true statement from the following (A) Wetted perimeter increases with an i ncrease in design discharge (B) Hydraulic radius increases with an increase in silt factor. (C) Wetted perimeter decreases with an increase in design discharge. D) Wetted perimeter increases with an increase in silt factor. At two points 1 and 2 in a pipeline the velocities are V and 2V, respectively. Both the points are at the same elevation. Both the points are at the same elevation. The Q. 11 Q. 12 Q. 13 Q. 14  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 2 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. hp fluid density is ?. The flow can be assumed to be in compressible, inviscid, steady and irrotational. The difference in pressures P1 and P2 at points 1 and 2 is (A) 0. 5? V2 Q. 15 (B) 1. 5? V2 (C) 2? V2 (D) 3? V2 The presence of hardness in excess of permissible limit causes (A) Cardio Vascular problems (B) Skin discolouration (C) Calcium deficiency (D) Increased laundry expenses The dispersion of pollutants in atmosphere is maximum when (A) environmental lapse rate is greater than adiabatic lapse rate. (B) environmental lapse rate is less than adiabatic lapse rate. C) environmental lapse rate is equal to adiabatic lapse rate. (D) maximum mixing depth is equal to zero. The alkalinity and the hardness of a water sample are 250mg/L and 350 mg/L as CaCo3, respectively. The water has (A) 350 mg/L carbonate hardness and zero non-carbonate hardness. (B) 250mg/L carbonate hardness and zero non-carbonate hardness. (C) 250mg/L carbonate hardness and 350 mg/L non-carbonate hardness. (D) 250mg/L carbonate hardness and 100 mg/L non-carbonate hardness. The consistency and flow resistance of bitumen can be determined from the following. A) Ductility test (B) Penetration test (C) Softening point Test (D) Viscosity test If a two-lane national highway and a two-lane state highway intersect at right right angles, the number of potential conflict points at the intersection, assuming that both the roads are two-way is (A) 11 (B) 17 (C) 24 (D) 32 In signal design as per Indian Roads Congress specifications, if the sum of the ratios of normal flows to saturation flow of two directional traffic flow is 0. 50 and the total lost time per cycle is 10 seconds, the optimum cycle length in seconds is (A) 100 (B) 80 (C) 60 (D) 40 Q. 16 Q. 17 Q. 18 Q. 19 Q. 20 Q. 21 to Q. 75 carry two marks each Q. 21 For what values of ? and ? the following simultaneous equations have an infinite number of solutions? x + y + z = 5; x + 3y + 3z = 9; x + 2y + ? z = ? (A) 2,7 (B) 3,8 (C) 8,3 (D) 7,2  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 3 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 22 A velocity vector is given as r r r r V = 5 xy i + 2 y 2 j + 3 yz 2 k . The divergence of this velocity vector at (1,1,1) is (A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 14 (D) 15 A body originally at 600C cools down to 400C in 15minutes when kept in air at a temperature of 250C. What will be the temperature of the body at the end of 30minutes? (A) 35. 20C (B) 31. 50C (C) 28. 70C (D) 150C The following equation needs to be numerically solved using the NewtonRaphson method. x3 + 4x – 9 = 0 The iterative equation for this purpose is (k indicates the iteration level) 2 x3 + 9 3x k2 + 4 k ( A) xk +1 = 2 ( B) xk +1 = 2 3xk + 4 2 xk + 9 2 (C ) xk +1 = xk ? xk + 4 Q. 23 Q. 24 ( D) xk +1 = 4 xk2 + 3 2 9 xk + 2 ? Q. 25 Evaluate ( A) ? ? sin t dt t 0 ( B) ? 2 (C ) ? 4 ( D) ? 3 Q. 26 Potential function ? is given as ? = x 2 + y 2 . What will be the stream function (? ) with the condition ? = 0 at x = y = 0? (A) 2xy (B) x2 + y2 (C) x2 – y2 (D) 2x2y2 Q. 27 ?1 2 ? The inverse of the 2 x 2 matrix ? ? is ? 5 7 ? 1 ? ?7 2 ? ( A) ? 3 ? 5 ? 1? ? 1 ? 7 ? 2 ? (C ) ? 3 ? ?5 1 ? ? Q. 28 1 ? 7 2? ( B) ? 3 ? 5 1 ? ? 1 ? ?7 ? 2 ? ( D) ? 3 ? ?5 ? 1? ? Given that one root of the equation x3-102+31x-30=0 is 5, the other two roots are (A) 2 and 3 (B) 2 and 4 (C) 3 and 4 (D) -2 and -3 All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 4 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 29 If the standard deviation of the spot speed of vehicles in a highway is 8. 8 kmph and the mean speed of the vehicles is 33kmph, the coefficient of variation in speed is (A) 0. 1517 (B) 0. 1867 (C) 0. 2666 (D) 0. 646 A metal bar of length 100mm is inserted between two rigid supports and its temperature is increased by 100C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion is 12 x 10-6 per 0C and the Young†™s modulus is 2 x 105 MPa, the stress in the bar is (A) zero (B) 12MPa (C) 24MPa (D) 2400MPa A rigid bar is suspended by three rods made of the same material as shown in the figure. The area and length of the central rod are 3A and L, respectively while that of the two outer rods are 2A and 2L respectively. If a downward force of 50kN is applied to the rigid bar, the forces in the central and each of the outer rods will be (A) 16. 7 kN each (B) 30kN and 15kN (C) 30kN and 10kN (D) 21. 4kN and 14. 3kN The maximum and minimum shear stresses in a hollow circular shaft of outer diameter 20mm and thickness 2mm, subjected to a torque of 92. 7 N. m will be (A) 59 MPa and 47. 2 MPa (B) 10MPa and 80MPa (C) 118 MPa and 160 MPa (D) 200 MPa and 160 MPa The shear stress at the neutral axis in a beam of triangular section with a base of 40mm and height of 20mm, subjected to a shear force of 3kN is (A) 3MPa (B) 6MPa (C) 10MPa (D) 20MPa U1 and U2 are the strain energies stored in a prismatic bar d ue to axial tensile forces P1 and P2 respectively. The strain energy stored in the same bar due to combined action of P1 and P2 will be (A) U = U1 + U2 (B) U = U1 U2 (C) U 1 + U2 The right triangular truss is made of members having equal cross sectional area of 1550 mm2 and Young’s modulus of 2 x 105 MPa. The horizontal deflection of the joint Q is Q 135kN 6m Q. 30 Q. 31 Q. 32 Q. 33 Q. 34 Q. 35 P 4. 5m R (A) 2. 47mm (B) 10. 25mm (C) 14. 1mm (D) 15. 68mm  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 5 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 36 The influence line diagram (ILD) shown is for the member P Q R S tension ILD compression (A) PS Q. 37 (B) RS (C) PQ (D) QS Consider the following statements: The compressive strength of concrete decreases with increase in water1. cement ratio of the concrete mix. 2. Water is added to the concrete mix for hydration of cement and workability. Creep and shrinkage of concrete are independent of the water-cement ratio 3. in the concrete mix. The true statements are (A) 1 and 2 (B) 1, 2 and 3 (C) 2 and 3 (D) only 2 The percentage loss of prestress due to anchorage slip of 3mm in a concrete beam of length 30m which is post-tensioned by a tendon with an initial stress of 1200 N / mm2 and modulus of elasticity equal to 2. 1 x 105 N/mm2 is (A) 0. 0175 (B) 0. 175 (C) 1. 75 (D) 17. 5 A concrete beam of rectangular cross-section of size 120mm (width) and 200mm (depth) is prestressed by a straight tendon to an effective force of 150kN at an eccentricity of 20mm (below the centroidal axis in the depth direction). The stresses at the top and bottom fibres of the section are (A) 2. 5 N/mm2 (compression), 10N/mm2 (compression) (B) 10N / mm2 (tension), 3. 75 N / mm2 (C) 3. 75 N/mm2 (tension), 3. 75 N/mm2 (compression) (D) 2. 75 N/mm2 (compression), 3. 75 N/mm2 (compression) Q. 38 Q. 39 Q. 40 Consider the following statements: I. Modulus of elasticity concrete increases with increase in compressive strength of concrete. II. Brittleness of concrete increases with decrease in compressive strength of concrete.  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. om No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 6 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php III. Shear strength of concrete increases with increase in compressive strength of concrete. The TRUE statements are (A) II and III (B) I, II and III Q. 41 (C) I and II ( D) I and III A steel flat of rectangular section of size 70 x 6 mm is connected to a gusset plate by three bolts each having a shear capacity of 15kN in holes having diameter 11. 5mm. If the allowable tensile stress in the flat is 150MPa, the maximum tension that can be applied to the flat is 15 20 20 15 35 T (A) 42. 3kN Q. 42 (B) 52. 65kN (C) 59. 5kN (D) 63. 0kN A bracket connection is made with four bolts of 10mm diameter and supports a load of 10kN a an eccentricity of 100mm. the maximum force to be resisted by any bolt will be P 10kN 30 30 40 40 (A) 5kN Q. 43 (B) 6. 5kN (C) 6. 8kN (D) 7. 16kN The plastic collapse load Wp for the propped cantilever supporting two point loads as shown in the figure in terms of plastic moment capacity, Mp is given by W W L/3 L/3 L/3 (A) 3Mp/L (B) 4Mp/L C) 5 Mp/L (D) 6Mp/L  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 7 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 44 Sieve analysis on a dry soil sample of mass 1000g showed that 980g and 270g of soil pass through 4. 75mm and 0. 075mm sieve, respectively. The liquid limit and plastic limits of the soil fraction passing through 425 µ sieves are 40% and 18% respectively. The soil may be classified as (A) SC (B) MI (C) CI (D) SM Q. 45 The water content of a saturated soil and the specific gravity of soil solids were found to be 30% and 2. 70, respectively. Assuming the unit weight of water to be 10kN / m3, the saturated unit weight (kN/m3), and the void ratio of the soil are (A) 19. 4, 0. 81 (B) 18. 5, 0. 30 (C) 19. 4. 0. 45 (D) 18. 5, 0. 45 Q. 46 The factor of safety of an infinite soil slope shown in the figure having the properties c=0, c = 0, ? = 350 , ? dry = 16kN / m3 and ? sat = 20kN / m3 is approximately equal to 10m 8m 30 0 (A) 0. 70 Q. 7 (B) 0. 80 (C) 1. 00 (D) 1. 20 Match the following groups Group – I Group – II P Q R S Constant head permeability test Consolidation test Pycnometer test Negative skin friction 1. 2. 3. 4. Pile foundations Specific gravity Clay soil Sand (A) P-4, Q-3, R-2, S-1 (C) P-3, Q-4, R-2, S-1 (B) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1 (D) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-3  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd . , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 8 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 48 The bearing capacity of a rectangular footing of plan dimensions 1. 5m x 3m resting on the surface of a sand deposit was estimated as 600 kN/m2 when the water table is far below the base of the footing. The bearing capacities in kN/m2 when the water level rises to depths of 3m, 1. 5m and 0. 5m below the base of the footing are (A) 600, 600, 400 (C) 600, 500, 250 (B) 600, 450, 350 (D) 600, 400, 250 Q. 49 What is the ultimate capacity in kN of the pile group shown in the figure assuming the group to fail as a single block? . 4m diameter piles 10m Clay soil 2 C u = 40kN/m 1. 2m c/c 1. 2m c/c (A) 921. 6 Q. 50 (B) 1177. 6 (C) 2438. 6 (D) 3481. 6 A horizontal water jet with a velocity of 10m/s and cross sectional area of 10mm2 strikes a flat plate held normal to the flow direction. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. The total force on the plate due to the jet is (A) 100N (B) 10N (C) 1N (D) 0. 1N Q. 51 A 1 :50 scale model of a spillway is to be tested in the laboratory. The discharge in the prototype is 1000M3 /s. The discharge to be maintained in the model test is (A) 0. 57m3/s (B) 0. 08m2/s (C) 0. 57m3/s (D) 5. 7m3/s Q. 52 A triangular open channel has a vertex angle of 900 and carries flow at a critical depth of 0. 30m. the discharge in the channel is (A) 0. 08m3/s (B) 0. 11 m3/s (C) 0. 15 m3/s (D) 0. 2 m3/s Flow rate of a fluid (density = 1000kg/m3) in a small diameter tube is 800 m3/s. The length and the diameter of the tube are 2m and 0. 5mm, respectively. The pressure drop in 2m length is equal to 2. 0MPa. The viscosity of the fluid is (A) 0. 025N. s/m2 (B) 0. 012N. s/m2 (C) 0. 0092 N. s/m2 (D) 0. 00102 N. s/m2 Q. 53 All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 9 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 54 The flow rate in a wide rectangular open channel is 2. 0m3/s per meter width. The channel bed slope is 0. 002. The Manning’s roughness coefficient is 0. 012. The slope of the channel is classified as (A) Critical (B) Horizontal (C) Mild (D) Steep Q. 5 The culturable command area for a distributary channel is 20,000 hectares. Wheat grown in the entire area and the intensity of irrigation is 50%. The kor period for wheat is 30 days and the kor water depth is 120mm. The outlet discharge for the distributary should be (A) 2. 85m3/s (B) 3. 21m3/s (C) 4. 63m3/s (D) 5. 23m3/s Q. 56 An isolated 4-hour storm occurred over a catchment as follows Time Rainfall (mm) 1st hour 9 2nd hour 28 3rd hour 12 4th hour 7 The ? index for the catchment is 10mm/h. The estimated runoff depth from the catchment due to the above storm is (A) 10mm Q. 7 (B) 16mm (C) 20mm (D) 23mm Two electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are in series. The fra ctional efficiencies of the upstream and downstream ESPs for size dp are 80% and 65%. Respectively. What is the overall efficiency of the system for the same dp? (A) 100% (B) 93% (C) 80% (D) 65% Q. 58 50g of CO2 and 25g of CH4 are produced from the decomposition of municipal solid waste (MSW) with a formula weight of 120g. What is the average per capita green house gas production in a city of 1 million people with a MSW production rate of 500 ton / day? A) 104 g/day (B) 120 g/day (C) 208 g/day (D) 313 g /day The extra widening required for a two-lane national highway at a horizontal curve of 300 m radius, considering a wheel base of 8m and a design speed of 100kmph is (A) 0. 42m (B) 0. 62m (C) 0. 82m (D) 0. 92m While designing a hill road with a ruling gradient of 6%, if a sharp horizontal curve of 50m radius is encountered, the compensated gradient at the curve as per the Indian Roads Congress specifications should be (A) 4. 4% (B) 4. 75% (C) 5. 0% (D) 5. 25% Q. 59 Q. 60  © All r ights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. ateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 10 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 61 The design speed on a road is 60kmph. Assuming the driver reaction time of 2. 5 seconds and coefficient of friction of pavement surface as 0. 35, the required stopped distance for two-way traffic on a single lane road is (A) 82. 1m (B) 102. 4 (C) 164. 2m (D) 186. 4m The width of the expansion joint is 20mm in a cement concrete pavement. The laying temperature is 200C and the maximum slab temperature in summer is 600C. The coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete is 10 x 10-6 mm/mm / 0C and the joint filler compresses upto 50% of the thickness. The spacing between expansion joints should be (A) 20m (B) 25m (C) 30m (D) 40m The following data pertains to the number of commercial vehicles per day for the design of a flexible pavement for a national highway as per IRC: 37-1984 Type of commercial Number of vehicles per day Vehicle Damage Factor vehicle considering the number of lanes Two axle trucks 2000 5 Tandem axle trucks 200 6 Assuming a traffic growth factor of 7. % per annum for both the types of vehicles, the cumulative number of standard axle load repetitions (in million) for a design life of ten years is (A) 44. 6 (B) 57. 8 (C) 62. 4 (D) 78. 7 Q. 62 Q. 63 Q. 64 Match the following tests on aggregate and its properties TEST PROPERTY P. Q. R. S. Crushing Test Los Angles abrasion test Soundness test Angularity t est 1. 2. 3. 4. Hardness Weathering Shape Strength (A) P-2, Q-1, R-4, S-3 (C) P-3, Q-2, R-1, S-4 Q. 65 (B) P-4, Q-2, R-3, S-1 (D) P-4, Q-1, R-2, S-2 The plan of a map was photo copied to a reduced size such that a line originally 100mm, measures 90mm. The original scale of the plan was 1:1000. The revised scale is (A) 1:900 (B) 1:11111 (C) 1:1121 (D) 1:1221  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 11 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 66 The following table gives data of consecutive coordinates in respect of a closed theodolite traverse PQRSP. Station Northing, m Southing, m Easting, m Westing, m P Q R S 400. 75 100. 25 199. 0 300. 0 199. 25 399. 75 300. 5 200. 5 The magnitude and direction of error of closure in whole circle bearing are (A) 2. 0m and 450 (C) 2. 82m and 3150 Q. 67 (B) 2. 0m and 3150 (D) 3. 42m and 450 The following measurements were made during testing a leveling instrument. Staff Reading at Instrument at P1 Q1 P Q 2. 800m 2. 700m 1. 700m 1. 800m P1 is close to P and Q1 is close to Q. If the reduced level of station P is 100. 000m, the reduced level of station Q is (A) 99. 000m (B) 100. 000m (C) 101. 00m (D) 102. 000m Q. 68 Two straight lines intersect at an angle of 600. The radius of a curve joining the two straight lines is 600m. The length of long chord and mid-ordinates in metres of the curve are (A) 80. 4, 600. 00 (B) 600. 0, 80. 4 (C) 600. 0, 39. 89 (D) 40, 89,300 The magnetic bearing of a line AB is S 450 E and the declination is 50 West. The true bearing of the line AB is (A) S 450 E (B) S 400 E ( C) S 500 E (D) S 500 W Q. 69 COMMON DATA QUESTIONS Common Data for Questions 70 and 71 Water is flowing through the permeability apparatus as shown in the figure. The coefficient of permeability of the soil is km/s and the porosity of the soil sample is 0. 50.  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 12 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php 0. 4m soil R 0. 8m 0. 4m Q. 70 The total head, elevation head and pressure head in metres of water at the point R shown in the figure are (A) 0. 8, 0. , 0. 4 (C) 0. 4, 0, 0. 4 (B) 1. 2, 0. 4, 0. 8 (D) 1. 6, 0. 4, 1. 2 Q. 71 What are the discharge velocity and seepage velocity through the soil sample? (A) k, 2k (B) 2/3k, 4/3k (C) 2k,k (D) 4/3k, 2/3k Common Data for Questions 72 and 73: Ordinates of a 1-hour unit hydrograph at 1 hour intervals, starting from time t = 0, are 0, 2, 6,4,2,1 and 0 m3/s. Q. 72 Catchment area represented by this unit hydrograph is (A) 1. 0 km2 Q. 73 (B) 2. 0 km2 (C) 3. 2 km2 (D) 5. 4 km2 Ordinate of a 3-hour unit hydrograph for the catchment at t=3 hours is (A) 2. 0m3/s (B) 3. 0m3/s (C) 4. m3/s (D) 5. 0m3/s Common Data for Questions 74 and 75: A completely mixed activated sludge process is used to treat a wastewater flow of 1 million litres per day (1 MLD) having a BOD5 of 200 mg/L. The biomass concentration in the aeration tank is 2000 mg/L and the concentration of the net biomass leaving the system of 50mg/L. the aeration tank has a volume of 200 m3. Q. 74 What is the hydraulic retention time of the wastewater in aeration tank? (A) 0. 2h (B) 4. 8h (C) 10h (D) 24h  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. om No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 13 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. gateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 75 What is the average time for which the biomass stays in the system? (A) 5h (B) 8h (C) 2days (D) 8 days Linked Answer Questions: Q. 76 to Q. 85 carry TWO marks each Statement for Linked Answer Questions 76 and 77 Q. 76 A two span continuous beam having equal spans each of length L is subjected to a uniformly distributed load ? per unit length. The beam has constant flexural rigidity. The reaction at the middle support is 5? L 5? L ? L2 (A) ? L (B) (C) (D) 2 4 16 Statement for Linked Answer Questions 78 and 79 A singly reinforced rectangular concrete beam has a width of 150mm and an effective depth of 330mm. The characteristic compressive strength of concrete is 20 MPa. Adopt the stress block for concrete as given in IS 456-2000 and take limiting value of depth of neutral axis as 0. 48 times the effective depth of the beam. Q. 78 The limiting value of the moment of resistance of the beam is kN. m is (A) 0. 14 (B) 0. 45 (C) 45. 08 (D) 156. 82 Q. 79 The limiting area of tension steel in mm2 is (A) 473. 9 (B) 412. 3 (C) 373. 9 (D) 312. 3 Statement for Linked Answer Questions 80 and 81 The ground conditions at a site are as shown in the figure. The water table at the site which was initially at a depth of 5m below the ground level got permanently lowered to a depth of 15m below the ground level due to pumping of water over a few years. Assume the following data i. ii. iii. iv. unit weight of water = 10kN/m3 unit weight of sand above water table = 18kN/m3 unit weight of sand and clay below the water table = 20kN/m3 coefficient of volume compressibility = 0. 5m2/MN G. L. original water table 20m lowered water table Clay soil 5m 15m 5m 5m  © All rights reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 14 ?CE? Civil Engineering: Gate 2007 Paper http://www. g ateforum. com/gate_papers. php Q. 80 What is the change in the effective stress in kN/m2 at mid-depth of the clay layer due to the lowering of the water table? A) 0 (B) 20 (C) 80 (D) 100 What is the compression of the clay layer in mm due to the lowering of the water table? (A) 125 (B) 100 (C) 25 (D) 0 Q. 81 Statement for Linked Answer Questions 82 and 83 A rectangular open channel needs to be designed to carry a flow of 2. 0m3/s under uniform flow conditions. The Manning’s roughness coefficient is 0. 018. The channel should be such that the flow depth is equal to half the width, and the Froude number is equal to 0. 5. Q. 82 The bed slope of the channel to be provided is (A) 0. 0012 (B) 0. 0021 (C) 0. 0025 (D) 0. 0052 Q. 83 Keeping the width, flow depth and roughness the same, if the bed slope of the above channel is doubled, the average, boundary shear stress under uniform flow conditions is (A) 5. 6 N/m2 (B) 10. 8 N/m2 (C) 12. 3 N/m2 (D) 17. 2 N/m2 Statement for Linked Answer Questions 84 and 85 A plain sedimentation tank with a length of 20m, width of 10m, and a depth of 3m is used in a water treatment plant to treat 4 million litres of water per day (4 MLD). The average temperature of water is 200C. The dynamic viscosity of water is 1. 002 x 10-3 N. s/m2 at 200 C. Density of water is 998. 2 kg/M3. Average specific gravity of particles is 2. 5. Q. 84 What is the surface overflow rate in the sedimentation tank? (A) 20m3 / m2 / day (B) 40m3 / m2 / day (C) 67m3 / m2 / day (D) 133m3 / m2 / day What is the minimum diameter of the particle which can be removed with 100% efficiency in the above sedimentation tank? (A) 11. 8 x 10-3 mm (C) 50 x 10-3 mm (B) 16. 0 x 10-3 mm (D) 160 x 10-3 mm Q. 85  © All righ ts reserved by GATE Forum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. , www. gateforum. com No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the written permission. Discuss this questions paper at www. gatementor. com. 15